100,498 research outputs found
The role of galanin in chronic pain mechanisms
No full textThe general aim of these studies is to further elucidate the role of galanin in pain mechanisms. We have utilized normal and genetically modified animals and a variety of techniques. In order to use genetically modified mice to study chronic pain, we adapted a photochemically-induced, peripheral nerve ischemia model, originally developed in rats, to mice. Both morphological and behavioral studies were conducted to determine the optimal irradiation time for producing hypersensitivity after partial nerve injury. This model was then used to study galanin over-expressing mice and mice lacking the galanin receptor 1. The normal basal response of these mice to sensory testing was also determined. During basal conditions, the over-expressing mice showed less sensitivity to thermal stimulation than the normal controls. After the photochemically-induced peripheral nerve ischemia, the over- expressing mice showed reduced development of heat and mechanical hyperalgesia as compared to wild-type mice. In contrast, the mice lacking the galanin receptor 1 displayed hypersensitivity to cold and heat in the hot-plate test under basal condition. After photochemically-induced nerve injury these mice exhibited a longer lasting hypersensitivity than wild-type controls, and this was not due to a slower nerve regeneration.A microdialysis technique to measure the release of galanin in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord in rat was developed. Using this method it could be demonstrated that electrical stimulation of primary afferent C-fibers causes release of galanin in the dorsal horn. of normal rats.The data presented in this thesis suggest that galanin primarily plays an inhibitory role in nociception under basal conditions. This role is further strengthened after peripheral nerve ischemia, where endogenous galanin appears to reduce the severity and duration of pain-like behaviors via activation of galanin receptor 1.List of scientific papersI. Hao JX, Blakeman KH, Yu W, Hultenby K, Xu XJ, Wiesenfeld-Hallin Z (2002). "Development of a mouse model of neuropathic pain following photochemically induced ischemia in the sciatic nerve" Exp Neurol 163(1): 231-8 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10785462II. Blakeman KH, Holmberg K, Hao JX, Xu XJ, Kahl U, Lendahl U, Bartfai T, Wiesenfeld-Hallin Z, Hokfelt T (2001). "Mice over-expressing galanin have elevated heat nociceptive threshold. " Neuroreport 12(2): 423-5 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11209961III. Hygge Blakeman K, Hao JX, Xu XJ, Brumovsky P, Hokfelt T, Crawley JN, Wiesenfeld-Hallin Z (2002). "Galantin over-expression decreases the development of neuropayhic pain-like behaviors in mice after partial sciatic nerve injury." (Manuscript)IV. Hygge Blakeman K, hao JX, Xu XJ, Jacoby AS, Shine J, Crawley JN, Iismaa T, Wiesenfeld-Hallin Z (2002). "Hyperalgesia and increased neuropathic pain-like response in mice lacking galanin R1 receptors." Neuroscience (In Print)V. Hygge Blakeman K, Wiesenfeld-Hallin Z, Alster P (2001). "Microdialysis of galanin in rat spinal cord: in vitro and in vivo stud" Exp Brain Res 139(3): 354-8 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11545474</p
Letter, [Author unclear] to Paulina T. Merritt
No full textHandwritten letter to Paulina Merritt from an unknown author, October 1, 1876.
T. R. Wiesman
No full textT. R. Wiesman alongside 31,000 gallon slab timber and clay tank he built at Colatto Springs, Erlunda Station (about 200km south of Alice Springs).Birch, Gray.Date:1935-0
Linking people with long-term health conditions to healthy community activities: development of Patient-Led Assessment for Network Support (PLANS)
No full textObjective
To combine insights from service users with long-term conditions (LTCs) to assist the development of a community referral intervention designed to promote engagement and improve access to health-relevant resources.
Background
Social deprivation and reduced access to resources have been causally linked with social isolation and the ability to manage LTCs. Participation in meaningful activity has been associated with positive health benefits, and strategies to promote access to community activities have shown some potential to improve outcomes for people with LTCs. This suggests the need to develop an engagement and referral intervention in partnership with service users and community groups as part of mainstream self-care support.
Method
A series of focus groups and interviews with members of community groups in Greater Manchester designed as an iterative and collaborative approach to elicit the role of personal and community networks that support long-term condition management (LTCM) to develop a community referral tool.
Results
Participants reported a broad range of resources relevant to LTCM that often went beyond the usual concerns associated with self-care. This helped to inform a tool (PLANS) to tailor access to types of community-based resources which can support LTCM.
Conclusions
Understanding the everyday challenges of living with a LTC highlighted the importance of connecting and engaging with localized support for people. In response to this, we developed an intervention (PLANS) which tailors access to local resources based on personal preferences, needs and acceptability to encourage service users to engage with sustainable health choices
Multimorbidity, service organization and clinical decision making in primary care: a qualitative study
No full textBACKGROUND: Primary care professionals often manage patients with multiple long-term health conditions, but managing multimorbidity is challenging given time and resource constraints and interactions between conditions.OBJECTIVE: To explore GP and nurse perceptions of multimorbidity and the influence on service organization and clinical decision making.METHODS: A qualitative interview study with primary care professionals in practices in Greater Manchester, U.K. Interviews were conducted with 15 GPs and 10 practice nurses.RESULTS: Primary care professionals identified tensions between delivering care to meet quality targets and fulfilling the patient's agenda, tensions which are exacerbated in multimorbidity. They were aware of the inconvenience suffered by patients through attendance at multiple clinic appointments when care was structured around individual conditions. They reported difficulties managing patients with multimorbidity in limited consultation time, which led to adoption of an 'additive-sequential' decision-making model which dealt with problems in priority order until consultation resources were exhausted, when further management was deferred. Other challenges included the need for patients to co-ordinate their care, the difficulties of self-management support in multimorbidity and problems of making sense of the relationships between physical and mental health. Doctor and nurse accounts included limited consideration of multimorbidity in terms of the interactions between conditions or synergies between management of different conditions.CONCLUSIONS: Primary care professionals identify a number of challenges in care for multimorbidity and adopt a particular model of decision making to deliver care for multiple individual conditions. However, they did not describe specific decision making around managing multimorbidity per se.<br/
Handwritten biographical information on Paulina T. McClung Merritt
No full textA handwritten biography of Paulina T. McClung Merritt by an unknown author, 1892.
Heterogeneous and tissue-specific regulation of effector T cell responses by IFN-gamma during Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection.
Get PDFIFN-γ and T cells are both required for the development of experimental cerebral malaria during Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection. Surprisingly, however, the role of IFN-γ in shaping the effector CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell response during this infection has not been examined in detail. To address this, we have compared the effector T cell responses in wild-type and IFN-γ(-/-) mice during P. berghei ANKA infection. The expansion of splenic CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells during P. berghei ANKA infection was unaffected by the absence of IFN-γ, but the contraction phase of the T cell response was significantly attenuated. Splenic T cell activation and effector function were essentially normal in IFN-γ(-/-) mice; however, the migration to, and accumulation of, effector CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in the lung, liver, and brain was altered in IFN-γ(-/-) mice. Interestingly, activation and accumulation of T cells in various nonlymphoid organs was differently affected by lack of IFN-γ, suggesting that IFN-γ influences T cell effector function to varying levels in different anatomical locations. Importantly, control of splenic T cell numbers during P. berghei ANKA infection depended on active IFN-γ-dependent environmental signals--leading to T cell apoptosis--rather than upon intrinsic alterations in T cell programming. To our knowledge, this is the first study to fully investigate the role of IFN-γ in modulating T cell function during P. berghei ANKA infection and reveals that IFN-γ is required for efficient contraction of the pool of activated T cells
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Pelevin’s Trinity in the novel “t”: author – protagonist – reader
No full textThe article attempts to interpret Pelevin's artistic strategy in the novel "T" by exploring its subject organization and addressing the key problems of the author, the protagonist, and the reader as they are seen by the researcher. The article analyzes the peculiarities of constructing the narrative reality in the novel "T", and goes on to discuss Pelevin's philosophic models of the development of the humankind, and the emergence of his new anthropology
Measuring industry-science links through inventor-author relations: A profiling method
Get PDFIn this pilot study we examine the performance of text-based profiling in recovering a set of validated inventor-author links. In a first step we match patents and publications solely based on their similarity in content. Next, we compare inventor and author names on the highest ranked matches for the occurrence of name matches. Finally, we compare these candidate matches with the names listed in a validated set of inventor-author names. Our text-based profile methodology performs significantly better than a random matching of patents and publications, suggesting that text-based profiling is a valuable complementary tool to the name searches used in previous studies.innovation; industry-science links; text-based profiling;
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