1,354,062 research outputs found
Factors Influencing The First Thousand Days Of Life: The importance of Nurturing Care
No full textBackground: WHO, Unicef, the World Bank and the Maternal and Child Health Partnership wrote the document "Nurturing care for early child development: a global framework action".This paper highlights the benefits of early intervention and thus the need to invest more in health during this period.The aim of our study is to assess how much social support received by pregnant mothers can influence maternity outcomes.
Materials and Methods: The retrospective observational study was conducted on a sample of mothers enrolled via social networks, who were administered a questionnaire from 1 July to 1 September 2021.The questionnaire consisted of 37 questions, 6 of which were used to calculate the "Maternity Social Support Scale".The ODDs Ratio was calculated.
Results:Our sample consisted of 3447 women. 59.01% were between 26 and 35 years of age.The mean Maternity Social Support Scale (MSSS) score was calculated to be 23.9 points.A low MSSS score correlated with a higher probability of stopping breastfeeding before 6 months of age(OR:1. 2;C.I:1.1-1.4) and of having a caesarean section(OR:1.2;C.I:1.1-1.4) and to a lower probability of having a spontaneous labour(OR:0.9;C.I:0.7-0.9) and a spontaneous delivery(OR:0.8;C.I:0.7-0.9). In contrast, a high MSSS score had a lower likelihood of ceasing breastfeeding before 6 months (OR:0.8;C.I:0.7-0.9) and caesarean section(OR:0.8;C.I:0.7-0.9) and higher likelihood of spontaneous onset labour(OR:1.2;C.I:1.1-1.3) and spontaneous delivery(OR:1.2;C.I:1.1-1.4).
Conclusions:Pregnancy, childbirth and maternity outcomes are strongly influenced and conditioned by the social context in which they occur and the support the woman may receive.The presence or lack of this support may affect the health of newborns
Costs and Length of Stay in Cardiac Surgery
No full textThe continuous advancements in medicine, particularly in the field of anesthesiology, have led to a reduction in morbidity and mortality associated with surgical procedures. In recent years, attention has increasingly shifted toward the efficient management of costs associated with the entire perioperative process, with the goal of making the healthcare system more sustainable. Specifically, in the field of cardiac surgery, understanding and being able to predict costs related to procedures and length of hospital stay are fundamental. These factors not only directly affect the financial health of healthcare institutions but also play a crucial role in improving patient outcome and their overall satisfaction with the care received. In this chapter, we will delve into a detailed analysis of the various factors that influence costs and hospital stay in cardiac surgery. Additionally, various strategies that can be implemented to optimize these aspects will be discussed, not only to achieve better control over financial resources but also to improve clinical outcomes for patients undergoing cardiac surgery. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024
Factors influencing the first thousand days of life: Elena Capitani
No full textBACKGROUND: The first 1000 days are crucial for the health of the baby and the well-being of the mother-baby dyad, which forms a single complex organism with its co-metabolism expressed through sophisticated neurobiological, epigenetic and microbiome development mechanisms. This study aims to investigate how much social support can influence the path of pregnancy and motherhood. METHODS: The retrospective observational study was conducted on a sample of mothers enrolled through social networks who were administered a questionnaire from July to September 2021. The questionnaire consisted of 37 questions: 11 analyzed sociodemographic variables, 20 were on current / any previous pregnancies and breastfeeding, and 6 were used to calculate the Maternity Social Support Scale (MSSS-Webster et al.). STATA 14 was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Our sample consisted of 3447 women. 88.0% wanted the pregnancy, and 63.5% planned it. The average of the Maternity Social Support Scale (MSSS) was 23.91 points. A low MSSS score correlates with a higher risk of cessation of breastfeeding before 6 months of age, a higher risk of not having spontaneous labour, a higher risk of cesarean section and a higher risk of not having a spontaneous birth. On the other hand, a higher MSSS total score is a protective factor concerning breastfeeding duration, which is more likely to be longer-lasting (>6 months), to have spontaneous onset labour with a higher probability of spontaneous delivery. CONCLUSIONS: The results showed that most of our sample have good friends who support them, can often count on their family, and receive help from their partner/husband. The outcomes of pregnancy, childbirth and motherhood are strongly influenced and conditioned by the social context in which they occur and the support the woman can receive. The presence or lack of this support can affect the health of newborns. KEY MESSAGES: • The first 1,000 days is a vulnerable phase in which parents, institutions and health professionals should create early interventions for the proper development and promotion of good health. • the outcomes of pregnancy, birth and motherhood are strongly influenced and conditioned by the social context, but especially by the presence or lack of support that can affect the health of newborns
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
No full text“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Nurturing Care
No full textBackground: Il 23 Maggio 2018 a Ginevra Oms, Unicef, Banca Mondiale
presentano il documento “”Nurturing Care for early child development: a global
framework action””. Esso cambia radicalmente il modo di concepire lo sviluppo
precoce del bambino, enfatizzando i danni provocati dalla scarsa considerazione
del potenziale di sviluppo nei primi anni, i vantaggi degli interventi precoci e
quindi la necessit di investire maggiormente in salute e protezione sociale in
questo periodo cruciale della vita.Lo scopo del nostro studio valutare quanto il
supporto sociale ricevuto dalle madri in gravidanza, possa influenzare gli esiti
della maternit. Materiali e Metodi: Lo studio di tipo osservazionale retrospettivo
è stato condotto su un campione di mamme arruolate tramite social network,
alle quali è stato somministrato un questionario dal 1 di Luglio al 1 settembre
2021.Il questionario composto da 37 domande di cui 6 servono per calcolare
il “”Maternity Social Support Scale””, una scala validata utilizzata per valutare il
supporto sociale delle donne in gravidanza.E’ stato calcolato l’ODDs Ratio per
vedere se il punteggio influenzava gli esiti della maternit e del parto. Risultati:
Il nostro campione è costituito da 3447 donne. Il 59,01% aveva un’età compresa
tra 26 e 35 anni.Riguardo l’attuale maternità̀ e gravidanza, l’88% dichiara di averla
desiderata ed il 63,5% pianificata.Il 57,3% delle donne studiate ha allattato.La
media del “”Maternity Social Support Scale (MSSS)”” che è risultata di 23,9 punti.
Un basso score del MSSS è correlato ad una maggiore probabilit di cessazione
dell’allattamento prima dei 6 mesi di vita (OR:1.2;C.I:1.1-1.4) e di avere taglio
cesareo(OR:1.2;C.I:1.1-1.4) ed ad una minore probabilit di avere un travaglio
spontaneo(OR:0.9;C.I:0.7-0.9) e un parto spontaneo(OR:0.8;C.I:0.7-0.9). Un
punteggio alto del MSSS rivela una minore probabilit di cessare l’allattamento
prima dei 6 mesi (OR:0.8;C.I:0.7-0.9) e di taglio cesareo(OR:0.8;C.I:0.7-0.9) nonch
maggior probabilit di avere un travaglio a esordio spontaneo(OR:1.2;C.I:1.1-1.3)
e di parto spontaneo(OR:1.2;C.I:1.1-1.4). Conclusioni: Gli esiti della gravidanza,
del parto e della maternit sono fortemente influenzati e condizionatidal contesto
sociale in cui si verificano e dal sostegno che la donna pu ricevere.La presenza o
la mancanza di questo supporto pu influire sulla salute dei neonati
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Author, publisher and bookseller : a tripartite synergy in Nigerian book industry
No full textThis work is about the roles of Author, Publisher and Bookseller in Book development in
Nigeria. The paper started by delving into the history of Book Publishing in Nigeria after
which it proceeded by defining who an author, a publisher, and a bookseller is and
expatiated on the indispensable roles of these key actors in Nigerian Book Industry and in
the emerging Information Society. Furthermore, the various constraints to book
development were identified while the paper advised on how the Book Industry can be
further promoted in Nigeria. However, the paper concluded and made recommendations
on how the Book sector can help in enhancing scholarship in the country
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