1,721,247 research outputs found
Evaluation of impact and concepts of environmental education. An empirical study in the National Park Harz, Lower Saxony, Germany
No full textEnvironmental education is essential for national parks. This is why environmental education has been practiced for six years by now in the National Park Hart, which is famous for its enormous amount of visitors. The research project presented here was carried out by the scientific sector of the Institute of Forest Policy and Nature Protection in cooperation with the Department of Social Science (Institute of Pedagogic) at Georg-August-University in Goettingen. The research objective was to evaluate the impact and concepts of environmental education outside school in the National Park Hart. While the impact evaluation took place within the framework of a quasi-pre-test/post-test research design, the concept evaluation complies with a classical cross-section design(Fig. 1 and 3). Using standardized questionnaires approximately 1,600 pupils (secondary school (year 5 to 10)) were asked concerning their attitudes towards various sub-scales of environmental consciousness. Half of this survey took place before and the other half after the education activity. Measuring the impact is possible by comparing the two data collections. Close relationship to the gender of the pupils asked could be proved in the impact evaluation; it was shown that the education activities can cause completely different impact on boys and girls (Fig. 2). Within the concept evaluation the issue how the environmental education effected the environmental consciousness sub-scales was less important than whether the concept for the pupils' stimulation of nature and environmental protection interests was suitable (Fig. 3). The research results prove that the methodological-didactical aspects mainly have positive correlation with short-term interests (situational interest) (Fig. 4). These interests, which are directly stimulated by the education activities, are positively correlated to the stimulation of (long-term) interests (specific interest/individual interest) (Fig. 5). The examination additionally shows that these three central variables are subject to influence of other co-variables. Thus there is an influence of various socio-demographical variables like gender or age (Fig. 6 and 7). Finally, both intentional positive impact and unintentional side-effects of the outside-school environmental education measures in the National Parks become apparent. Furthermore, there is evidence which confirms a basic suitability of the concept for stimulation of the children's and teenagers' environmental and nature protection interests. The study provides other clues for partially necessary concept modification especially in view of various age-groups and gender
Evaluation of impact and concepts of environmental education. An empirical study in the National Park Harz, Lower Saxony, Germany
No full textEnvironmental education is essential for national parks. This is why environmental education has been practiced for six years by now in the National Park Hart, which is famous for its enormous amount of visitors. The research project presented here was carried out by the scientific sector of the Institute of Forest Policy and Nature Protection in cooperation with the Department of Social Science (Institute of Pedagogic) at Georg-August-University in Goettingen. The research objective was to evaluate the impact and concepts of environmental education outside school in the National Park Hart. While the impact evaluation took place within the framework of a quasi-pre-test/post-test research design, the concept evaluation complies with a classical cross-section design(Fig. 1 and 3). Using standardized questionnaires approximately 1,600 pupils (secondary school (year 5 to 10)) were asked concerning their attitudes towards various sub-scales of environmental consciousness. Half of this survey took place before and the other half after the education activity. Measuring the impact is possible by comparing the two data collections. Close relationship to the gender of the pupils asked could be proved in the impact evaluation; it was shown that the education activities can cause completely different impact on boys and girls (Fig. 2). Within the concept evaluation the issue how the environmental education effected the environmental consciousness sub-scales was less important than whether the concept for the pupils' stimulation of nature and environmental protection interests was suitable (Fig. 3). The research results prove that the methodological-didactical aspects mainly have positive correlation with short-term interests (situational interest) (Fig. 4). These interests, which are directly stimulated by the education activities, are positively correlated to the stimulation of (long-term) interests (specific interest/individual interest) (Fig. 5). The examination additionally shows that these three central variables are subject to influence of other co-variables. Thus there is an influence of various socio-demographical variables like gender or age (Fig. 6 and 7). Finally, both intentional positive impact and unintentional side-effects of the outside-school environmental education measures in the National Parks become apparent. Furthermore, there is evidence which confirms a basic suitability of the concept for stimulation of the children's and teenagers' environmental and nature protection interests. The study provides other clues for partially necessary concept modification especially in view of various age-groups and gender
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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