100,465 research outputs found
Letter, [Author unclear] to Paulina T. Merritt
No full textHandwritten letter to Paulina Merritt from an unknown author, October 1, 1876.
Handwritten biographical information on Paulina T. McClung Merritt
No full textA handwritten biography of Paulina T. McClung Merritt by an unknown author, 1892.
Heterogeneous and tissue-specific regulation of effector T cell responses by IFN-gamma during Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection.
No full textIFN-γ and T cells are both required for the development of experimental cerebral malaria during Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection. Surprisingly, however, the role of IFN-γ in shaping the effector CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell response during this infection has not been examined in detail. To address this, we have compared the effector T cell responses in wild-type and IFN-γ(-/-) mice during P. berghei ANKA infection. The expansion of splenic CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells during P. berghei ANKA infection was unaffected by the absence of IFN-γ, but the contraction phase of the T cell response was significantly attenuated. Splenic T cell activation and effector function were essentially normal in IFN-γ(-/-) mice; however, the migration to, and accumulation of, effector CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in the lung, liver, and brain was altered in IFN-γ(-/-) mice. Interestingly, activation and accumulation of T cells in various nonlymphoid organs was differently affected by lack of IFN-γ, suggesting that IFN-γ influences T cell effector function to varying levels in different anatomical locations. Importantly, control of splenic T cell numbers during P. berghei ANKA infection depended on active IFN-γ-dependent environmental signals--leading to T cell apoptosis--rather than upon intrinsic alterations in T cell programming. To our knowledge, this is the first study to fully investigate the role of IFN-γ in modulating T cell function during P. berghei ANKA infection and reveals that IFN-γ is required for efficient contraction of the pool of activated T cells
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Small_Scale_Fishery_ Fish2Sustainability _Data_2023
No full text<p><strong>Dataset name -</strong> World_ IRD_ Small_Scale_Fishery_Data_2023</p>
<p> </p>
<p><strong>Title:</strong> Qualitative Data on 61 Small-Scale Fisheries: A socio-ecological rapid appraisal applied to cases from Colombia, Ecuador, France, Kenya, Madagascar, Mexico, and Nigeria.</p>
<p> </p>
<p><strong>Description</strong></p>
<p>This dataset was created for the Fish2Sustainability research project, which aims to evaluate how small-scale fisheries (SSF) contribute to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The dataset includes 61 case studies across seven countries and was developed using a rapid appraisal framework. The framework includes a four-step process:</p>
<ol>
<li>Identifying specific SDG targets influenced by SSF;</li>
<li>Extracting relevant variables from UN indicators;</li>
<li>Gathering expert input via a questionnaire to score these variables;</li>
<li>Creating composite indicators to measure SSF performance against SDGs.</li>
</ol>
<p>The dataset contains raw data from step 3, case study details, variable scores, and comments from data collectors (contributing authors). The dataset is valuable for researchers interested in small-scale fisheries and socio-ecological systems. By incorporating expert judgments from individuals with expertise in SSF, particularly in data-poor contexts, the dataset offers a wealth of knowledge for conducting comparative analyses across different contexts.</p>
<p> </p>
<p><strong>Authors</strong></p>
<p>Léopold, M.<sup>1</sup>, Bitoun, R.E.<sup>2</sup>, Chuenpagdee, R.<sup>3</sup>, Fondo, E.N.<sup>4</sup>, Akintola, S.L.<sup>5</sup>, Bach, P.<sup>6</sup>, Frangoudes, K.<sup>7</sup>, Gaibor, N.<sup>8</sup>, Gutierrez-Cala, L.<sup>9</sup>, Massey, Y.<sup>6</sup>, Randrianandrasana, R.<sup>10</sup>, Razanakoto, T.<sup>10</sup>, Saavedra-Díaz, L.M.<sup>9</sup>, Salas, S.<sup>11</sup>, Devillers, R.<sup>2, 3</sup></p>
<p><strong>Affiliations</strong></p>
<p><sup>1</sup> ENTROPIE (IRD, University of La Reunion, CNRS, University of New Caledonia, Ifremer), c/o IUEM, Plouzané, France</p>
<p><sup>2</sup> Espace-Dev (IRD, Univ. Montpellier, Univ. Guyane, Univ. La Réunion, Univ. Antilles, Univ. Nouvelle Calédonie), Montpellier, France</p>
<p><sup>3</sup> Department of Geography, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, Canada</p>
<p><sup>4</sup> Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute (KMFRI), Mombasa, Kenya</p>
<p><sup>5</sup> Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Science, Lagos State University, Lagos, Nigeria</p>
<p><sup>6 </sup>MARBEC (University of Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD), Sète, France</p>
<p><sup>7</sup> Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, France</p>
<p><sup>8</sup> Instituto Público de Investigación de Acuicultura y Pesca (IPIAP), Universidad del Pacifico (UPAC), Guayaquil, Ecuador</p>
<p><sup>9</sup> Grupo de Investigación en Sistemas Socioecológicos para el Bienestar Humano (GISSBH), Programa de Biología, Universidad del Magdalena, Colombia</p>
<p><sup>10</sup> Centre d’Etudes et de Recherches Economiques pour le Développement (CERED), Université d’Antananarivo, Madagascar</p>
<p><sup>11</sup> Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV), IPN, Unidad Mérida, Mexico</p>
<p> </p>
<p><strong>Method</strong></p>
<p>Case studies were selected in seven countries by national SSF experts, based on specific criteria and research priorities. Case studies were not selected to represent the full diversity of SSF globally or even nationally. Instead, they were chosen to capture a range of fisheries that could showcase different contributions to SDGs. SSFs were defined based on various characteristics, such as resources harvested, gear used, and location of the fishery.</p>
<p> </p>
<p><strong>Geographical Coverage</strong></p>
<p>61 small-scale fisheries located in seven countries are documented in the data:</p>
<ul>
<li>Colombia (4 case studies) – Caribe: La Guajira, San Andrés y Providencia; Pacifico: Chocó, Cauca, Valle del Cauca, Nariño.</li>
<li>Ecuador (3) – Region: Esmeraldas, Manabi, Guayas, El Oro.</li>
<li>France (2) – Region: Bretagne, Occitanie.</li>
<li>Kenya (24) – County: Kilifi, Kwale, Lamu, Mombasa, Tana River.</li>
<li>Madagascar (20) – Region: Analanjirofo, Anosy, Atsimo Andrefana, Boeny, Diana, Menabe, Vatovavy Fitovinany.</li>
<li>Mexico (2) – State: Baja California Sur, Campeche, Yucatan.</li>
<li>Nigeria (6) – State: Bayelsa, Cross River, Lagos, Ondo, Ogun.</li>
</ul>
<p> </p>
<p><strong>Data Collection</strong></p>
<p>Data collection took place from November 30, 2022, to July 3, 2023, spanning approximately seven months. The data presented serve as a snapshot of the conditions within a specific small-scale fishery during the assessment period. To consider the evolution of trends such as exports, economic growth, and income, we considered any relevant variables over the past decade.</p>
<p>Data collection approaches varied depending on the context, and data collectors received training to ensure survey consistency. We used primary data sources such as interviews, observations, and measurements whenever possible. In cases where resources were limited, we preferred secondary sources such as existing datasets and literature. Our methods were standardized, but data collectors could adjust them based on their resources. We primarily used direct observation, focus groups, and interviews to collect data. Scoring in interviews and focus groups was done directly or through group analysis by interviewers. Disagreements were resolved through additional interviews or group discussions, with secondary data used if needed.</p>
<p> </p>
<p><strong>Ethics</strong></p>
<p>Participants had the option to join of their own accord, were fully briefed on the research goals, and were given the opportunity to review interview guidelines before proceeding. Depending on the circumstances, interviews could last 45 minutes to 4.5 hours. Participants were guaranteed confidentiality and anonymity in the handling and reporting of their data.</p>
<p> </p>
<p><strong>Suggested citation</strong></p>
<p>Léopold, M., Bitoun, R.E., Chuenpagdee, R., Fondo, E.N., Akintola, S.L., Bach, P., Frangoudes, K., Gaibor, N., Gutierrez-Cala, L., Massey, Y., Randrianandrasana, R., Razanakoto, T., Saavedra-Díaz, L.M., Salas, S., Devillers, R. (2023). World_ IRD_ Small_Scale_Fishery_Data_2023 [Data set]. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.8321911</p>
<p> </p>
<p><strong>Data Files</strong></p>
<p>The dataset includes the following:</p>
<ul>
<li>The raw dataset (.xls format).</li>
<li>A data dictionary describing and defining each dataset column (.xls format).</li>
</ul>
Pelevin’s Trinity in the novel “t”: author – protagonist – reader
No full textThe article attempts to interpret Pelevin's artistic strategy in the novel "T" by exploring its subject organization and addressing the key problems of the author, the protagonist, and the reader as they are seen by the researcher. The article analyzes the peculiarities of constructing the narrative reality in the novel "T", and goes on to discuss Pelevin's philosophic models of the development of the humankind, and the emergence of his new anthropology
Netherton syndrome showing a large clinical overlap with generalized inflammatory peeling skin syndrome
No full text[No abstract available]Bitoun E, 2003, HUM MOL GENET, V12, P2417, DOI 10.1093-hmg-ddg247; Bitoun E, 2002, J INVEST DERMATOL, V118, P352, DOI 10.1046-j.1523-1747.2002.01603.x; Chavanas S, 2000, NAT GENET, V25, P141; Levy-Nissenbaum E, 2003, NAT GENET, V34, P151, DOI 10.1038-ng1163; Oji V, 2010, AM J HUM GENET, V87, P274, DOI 10.1016-j.ajhg.2010.07.005; Yang T, 2004, GENE DEV, V18, P2354, DOI 10.1101-gad.123210411
Measuring industry-science links through inventor-author relations: A profiling method
No full textIn this pilot study we examine the performance of text-based profiling in recovering a set of validated inventor-author links. In a first step we match patents and publications solely based on their similarity in content. Next, we compare inventor and author names on the highest ranked matches for the occurrence of name matches. Finally, we compare these candidate matches with the names listed in a validated set of inventor-author names. Our text-based profile methodology performs significantly better than a random matching of patents and publications, suggesting that text-based profiling is a valuable complementary tool to the name searches used in previous studies.innovation; industry-science links; text-based profiling;
Wave turbulence of a rotating array of quantized vortices in the T → 0 temperature limit
No full textThe dynamics of quantized vortices in the zero temperature limit is currently of great interest, particularly in the case of the Fermi superfluid He-B. Here we study wave turbulence, generated by the librating motion of a rotating cylindrical container filled with He-B, in the limit of vanishing viscous forces at temperatures . The polarization of the quantized vortices with respect to the axis of rotation is measured using non-invasive NMR techniques. We observe a decrease of the polarization when the librating motion is started, and a two-stage relaxation process when the modulation of the rotation velocity is stopped. The first relaxation process is associated with the dissipation of large-scale flow stored in inertial waves and the solid body rotation of the vortex array. From the decay of these energy reservoirs we determine the rate of energy dissipation of large-scale flow. The later second process is related to the relaxation of Kelvin waves on individual vortices. This process is monitored by the recovery of the polarization. The existence of a Kelvin wave cascade at the lowest temperatures is currently a central open question. We supply some evidence for the cascade
DNA fusion gene vaccination mobilizes effective anti-leukemic cytotoxic T lymphocytes from a tolerized repertoire
No full textThe majority of known human tumor-associated antigens derive from non-mutated self proteins. T cell tolerance, essential to prevent autoimmunity, must therefore be cautiously circumvented to generate cytotoxic T cell responses against these targets. Our strategy uses DNA fusion vaccines to activate high levels of peptide-specific CTL. Key foreign sequences from tetanus toxin activate tolerance-breaking CD4+ T cell help. Candidate MHC class Ibinding tumor peptide sequences are fused to the C terminus for optimal processing and presentation. To model performance against a leukemia-associated antigen in a tolerized setting, we constructed a fusion vaccine encoding an immunodominant CTL epitopederived from Friend murine leukemia virus gag protein (FMuLVgag) and vaccinated tolerant FMuLVgag-transgenic (gag-Tg) mice. Vaccination with the construct induced epitopespecificIFN-c-producing CD8+ T cells in normal and gag-Tg mice. The frequency and avidity of activated cells were reduced in gag-Tg mice, and no autoimmune injury resulted. However, these CD8+ T cells did exhibit gag-specific cytotoxicity in vitro and in vivo. Also, epitope-specific CTL killed FBL-3 leukemia cells expressing endogenous FMuLVgag antigen and protected against leukemia challenge in vivo. These results demonstrate a simple strategy to engage anti-microbial T cell help to activate epitope-specific polyclonal CD8+ T cell responses from a residual tolerized repertoire
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