1,721,078 research outputs found
The effectiveness of psychological debriefing for victims of acute burn trauma
No full textPsychological debriefing (PD) has been widely advocated and used following traumatic events in an attempt to prevent the later development of psychological sequelae. The quality of previous research into the effectiveness of PD has been relatively poor overall but has not been supportive of its effectiveness.This thesis describes a randomised controlled trial of psychological debriefing in victims of acute burn trauma and their relatives. Following recruitment individuals completed initial questionnaires and were randomly allocated to a PD or control (no intervention group). Follow-up interviews with the clinician administered post-traumatic stress disorder scale (CAPS) and further questionnaires occurred at three and thirteen months following the burn trauma.The PD group had higher initial questionnaire scores and more severe dimensions of burn trauma than the control group. They also displayed significantly higher scores on the CAPS and other outcome measures than the control group at both three and thirteen months. Forward stepwise linear regression analyses suggested that initial depression and percentage burn were significantly related to worse outcome whereas presence or absence of PD did not account for a significant proportion of the variance in CAPS scores. The relatives described similar levels of symptomatology to the subjects. PD appeared to have no significant impact on outcome in relatives.</p
Using evidence to inform clinical practice shortly after traumatic events
No full textDespite ongoing gaps in our knowledge, there is now considerable research evidence available to inform clinical decisions and treatment plans shortly after traumatic events. The author uses two fictional cases to illustrate an evidence-based approach to clinical management following traumatic events. The importance of fully assessing individuals and tailoring management plans to address their specific needs optimally is highlighted by considering two distinct, but familiar types of presentation
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing reduces PTSD symptoms compared with fluoxetine at six months post-treatment
No full textQ. Is eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing more effective than fluoxetine in people with post-traumatic stress disorder?
Design: Randomised controlled trial.
Allocation: Concealed.
Blinding: Double blind.
Follow-up period: Eight months (2 months’ treatment plus
6 months’ post-treatment follow-up).
Setting: Recruitment via newspaper ads, the Internet, and from medical and mental health professionals, USA; July 2000 to July 2003.
Patients: 88 people aged 18–65 years old with current posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (DSM-IV) and mixed trauma exposure at least one year before enrolment. Main exclusions: contraindication to study treatments, previous use of study treatments, Global assessment of functioning score ,40, unstable medical comorbidity, psychotic or bipolar disorder, alcohol or substance abuse, high risk of suicide, ongoing trauma focused treatment, unstable living arrangements, involvement in traumarelated lawsuit, or receiving disability compensation for PTSD.
Intervention: EMDR, fluoxetine (dose titrated to 60 mg/day as tolerated; mean dose 30 mg/day), or pill placebo for eight weeks. EMDR was aimed at memories of the primary trauma, and involved individual weekly 90-min sessions with trained clinicians, based on specially developed treatment manuals.
Outcomes: PTSD symptoms (clinician-administered PTSD Scale
(CAPS), DSM-IV version; higher score indicates greater
symptoms severity); asymptomatic function (CAPS score ,20);
PTSD diagnosis (Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I and Axis II Disorders); depressive symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II)).
Patient follow-up: 86% completed treatment (100% included in
post-treatment analyses), 66% completed follow-up (84%
included in follow-up analyses)
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