83 research outputs found
2D layered perovskite containing functionalised benzothieno-benzothiophene molecules: Formation, degradation, optical properties and photoconductivity
No full text2D layered hybrid perovskites are currently in the spotlight for applications such as solar cells, light-emitting diodes, transistors and photodetectors. The structural freedom of 2D layered perovskites allows for the incorporation of organic cations that can potentially possess properties contributing to the performance of the hybrid as a whole. In this study, we incorporated a benzothieno[3,2-b]benzothiophene (BTBT) alkylammonium cation into the organic layer of a 2D layered lead iodide perovskite. The formation and degradation of this material are discussed in detail. It is shown that the use of a solvent vapour annealing method significantly enhances the absorption, emission and crystallinity of films of this 2D layered perovskite as compared to regular thermal annealing. The photoconductivity of the films was determined using time-resolved microwave conductivity (TRMC) as well as in a device. In both cases, the solvent vapour annealed films show markedly higher photoconductivity than the films obtained using the regular thermal annealing approach.ChemE/Opto-electronic Material
Near-room temperature sintering of inkjet printed silver patterns
No full textInkjet printing is a fast, cheap and flexible method to deposit thin and structured layers. In this work precursor based Ag inks were developed instead of the commercially available particle based ones that usually have to be sintered at temperatures of at least 200 °C. It is proven that inkjet printed Ag layers can be sintered at temperatures as low as 60 °C reaching a resistance of less than 5 Ohms/cm with these home-made precursor inks.The author would like to thank the financial contribution from the CORNET project POLEOT (IWT-TETRA-120629) and the support from BOF (Bijzonder OnderzoeksFonds) of Hasselt University
Will mass drug administration eliminate lymphatic filariasis? Evidence from northern coastal Tanzania
No full textCopyright @ 2012 The Authors. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and 85 reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. The article was made available through the Brunel University Open Access Publishing Fund.This article documents understandings and responses to mass drug administration (MDA) for the treatment and prevention of lymphatic filariasis among adults and children in northern coastal Tanzania from 2004 to 2011. Assessment of village-level distribution registers, combined with self-reported drug uptake surveys of adults, participant observation and interviews, revealed that at study sites in Pangani and Muheza districts the uptake of drugs was persistently low. The majority of people living at these highly endemic locations either did not receive or actively rejected free treatment. A combination of social, economic and political reasons explain the low uptake of drugs. These include a fear of treatment (attributable, in part, to a lack of trust in international aid and a questioning of the motives behind the distribution); divergence between biomedical and local understandings of lymphatic filariasis; and limited and ineffective communication about the rationale for mass treatment. Other contributory factors are the reliance upon volunteers for distribution within villages and, in some locations, strained relationships between different groups of people within villages as well as between local leaders and government officials. The article also highlights a disjuncture between self-reported uptake of drugs by adults at a village level and the higher uptake of drugs recorded in official reports. The latter informs claims that elimination will be a possibility by 2020. This gives voice to a broader problem: there is considerable pressure for those implementing MDA to report positive results. The very real challenges of making MDA work are pushed to one side - adding to a rhetoric of success at the expense of engaging with local realities. It is vital to address the kind of issues raised in this article if current attempts to eliminate lymphatic filariasis in mainland coastal Tanzania are to achieve their goal.This work is funded from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
Scale-To-Order: An engineering lead time reduction strategy for yachts
No full textIn the super-yacht industry, value is added by customisation of design. From an engineering perspective, standardisation contributes to working more efficiently and effectively and thus less costly. The perspective of naval architecture company C-Job is that standardisation can contribute to engineering lead time reduction. Since customisation (adding value) and standardisation (reducing costs) are counterparts, a conflict arises when both are aimed for. This thesis proposes a strategy to implement design reuse principles to answer the main research question: How can reuse of design of the non-owner spaces on super-yachts, support reduction of engineering lead time? To provide a substantiated answer to this question three topics are studied. These topics are the design process within C-Job, principles of design reuse and commonalities within existing super-yacht designs. The results of studying the three pillars of this thesis substantiate the proposed solution called the Scale-To-Order strategy. Analysing the design process at C-Job shows that a great portion is consumed by iterating the design to solve all space claim clashes and grid mismatches. Omitting space claim clashes and grid mismatches in an early stage of design would therefore eliminate a significant part of the design process. Reviewing literature on design reuse leads to suggesting the underlying principles of design standardisation, modular design and parametric design for application in the S-T-O strategy. The proposal of using these three principles is based on the commonalities that are found in existing yacht designs. The resulting strategy consists of three stages that follow the kick-off meeting with the future yacht owner. In stage one, principle solutions are chosen, based on the greatest commonalities in existing yachts, that include a typical arrangement below the main deck and a corresponding structural global model and HVAC and sewage principles and routing. In stage two, modifications to the solution chosen in stage one are made if desired. Anticipated modifications can be made modular on beforehand and new modifications can be introduced as modular in the future. Stage three is the scaling of the global model to the desired dimensions and serves as a compliance check for integrity of the model. The goal of the S-T-O strategy is to accommodate engineering lead time reduction in the design phase of super-yachts at C-Job. The expected amount of time saved by employing the strategy is roughly fifty percent of the original concept and basic design phases.Marine Technology | Ship Desig
Competition Law and Human Rights:Striking a Balance Between Business Freedom and Regulatory Intervention
No full textPresented at The Limits of Competition Law, Santorini, Greece (jointly organised by UCL Faculty of Laws and IMEDIPA)</p
MoS<sub>2</sub> synthesis by gas source MBE for transition metal dichalcogenides integration on large scale substrates
No full text© 2018 Author(s). We present in this paper the use of Gas Source Molecular Beam Epitaxy for the large-scale growth of transition metal dichalcogenides. Fiber-textured MoS2 co-deposited thin films (down to 1 MLs) are grown on commercially 200 mm wafer size templates where MX2 crystalline layers are achieved at temperatures ranging from RT to 550 °C. Raman Spectroscopy and photoluminescence measurements along with X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy show that a low growth rate is essential for complete Mo sulfurization during MoS2 co-deposition. Finally, cross-section Transmission Electron Microscopy investigations are discussed to highlight the influence of SiO2 and Al2O3 used surfaces on MoS2 deposition.status: Publishe
High and variable drag in a sinuous estuary with intermittent stratification
No full text© The Author(s), 2021. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Bo, T., Ralston, D. K., Kranenburg, W. M., Geyer, W. R., & Traykovski, P. High and variable drag in a sinuous estuary with intermittent stratification. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 126(10), (2021): e2021JC017327, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JC017327In field observations from a sinuous estuary, the drag coefficient C based on the momentum balance was in the range of 5-20 X10-3, much greater than expected from bottom friction alone. C also varied at tidal and seasonal timescales. CD was greater during flood tides than ebbs, most notably during spring tides. The ebb tide CD was negatively correlated with river discharge, while the flood tide CD showed no dependence on discharge. The large values of CD are explained by form drag from flow separation at sharp channel bends. Greater water depths during flood tides corresponded with increased values of CD, consistent with the expected depth dependence for flow separation, as flow separation becomes stronger in deeper water. Additionally, the strength of the adverse pressure gradient downstream of the bend apex, which is indicative of flow separation, correlated with CD during flood tides. While CD generally increased with water depth, CD decreased for the highest water levels that corresponded with overbank flow. The decrease in CD may be due to the inhibition of flow separation with flow over the vegetated marsh. The dependence of CD during ebbs on discharge corresponds with the inhibition of flow separation by a favoring baroclinic pressure gradient that is locally generated at the bend apex due to curvature-induced secondary circulation. This effect increases with stratification, which increases with discharge. Additional factors may contribute to the high drag, including secondary circulation, multiple scales of bedforms, and shallow shoals, but the observations suggest that flow separation is the primary source.The research leading to these results was funded by NSF awards OCE-1634480, OCE-1634481, and OCE-2123002.2022-03-2
Hydrological Models as Web Services: An Implementation using OGC Standards
No full text19.12.12 KB. Ok to add publisher version. Author says conference organisers say it ok to upload
The role of the international patent system in the transfer of technology to West Africa : case studies : Ghana and Nigeria
No full textThe principal aim of this thesis is to undertake a critical
examination of the role of the international patent system in the
transfer of technology to West Africa, particularly Ghana and Nigeria.
It focuses mainly on the patent systans and technology regulatory
regimes of the two countries. The study is intended to identify and
evaluate the impact of the international patent system on the transfer
and development of technology in this area.
The first chapter provides a theoretical foundation to some of
the more practical issues to be discussed in the subsequent chapters.
The Paris Convention and the diplomatic revision exercise thereof, as
well as other efforts and policies regarding patents and technology
transfer at various levels are discussed in Chapter Two. Chapters
Three to Eight consider the two case-studies undertaken in this
thesis. Chapter Three begins with the historical development of the
patent system in both Ghana and Nigeria, and the remaining chapters
continue with a discussion of the present patent and technology
regulatory regimes of both countries. Based on facts and figures the
two case-studies examine critically the patent law and systems and
technology transfer laws of these two countries including other
related institutional measures highlighting their strengths and
weaknesses.
The study argues that if the patent systems of both countries
are to play a meaningful role in the transfer and developnent of
technology they nust be utilized as a tool of economic policy and also
be related to the technology transfer regimes which nust necessarily
be integrated into the national technology policy which should, in
turn, be made an integral part of the entire national developnent
plan. It is concluded that it is only in this way that the patent
system can effectively contribute to the transfer of technology and
the development of indigenous technological capabilities in the two countries
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