52 research outputs found
Adolescent Cognitive and Non-cognitive Correlates of Adult Health
No full textWhile it is widely acknowledged that the family and childhood environments affect adult well being, why they matter is still an area of significant debate. Previous research concerned with this issue has focused on the influence of family income, family structure, and cognitive ability. Much of this research has focused on economic and social outcomes. Notably, the influence of childhood environments on adult health has not received as much attention as other outcomes, and when health has been the focus, interest has been mainly on childhood health. Here, I present a descriptive analysis of the associations between cognitive and non-cognitive traits measured at the end of childhood (age 14) and mental and physical health at age 41. Results suggest that, on average, adolescent cognitive ability and self esteem have a significant association with health at age 41. Other non-cognitive factors such as locus of control and adolescent substance use do not have significant associations with adult health. Net of adolescent influences, completed education has a significant association with adult health.
Malignant melanoma risk by nativity, place of residence at diagnosis, and age at migration
No full textCo‐twin control study of the relationship between smoking and some periodontal disease factors
No full textHow do job characteristics, family situation, domestic work, and lifestyle factors relate to sickness absence? A study based on Sweden Post
No full textUdgivelsesdato: 2004-NovOBJECTIVE: We sought to determine how do working life and private life characteristics relate to sickness absence. METHODS: Questionnaire data for 1557 female and 1913 male employees were related to registered sickness absence by multivariate analyses. RESULTS: Apart from health problems, clear associations with sickness absence were observed for complaints attributed to heavy, arduous work, and sickness presenteeism. The use of tranquilizers, occurrence of bullying, and the existence of a high total workload from paid and unpaid work were associated with sickness absence in women. In men, the use of alcohol as sedative, anxiety of reorganization, not holding a supervisor position, adverse life events, and divorce were related with sickness absence. CONCLUSIONS: Our study identified different areas at work and outside work for women and men that could be targets for actions aiming at preventing high sickness absence
Assessment of heritability for personality, based on a short-form of the Eysenck personality inventory: A study of 12,898 twin pairs
No full textPositiv och negativ påverkan på livssituationen vid långtidssjukskrivning
No full textThe influence of longterm sick leave on daily life The aim of the study was to analyse the influence of long-term sick leave on different aspects of daily life. The study group consisted of 862 men and women with a consecutive sick leave period of 12-18 months. Half of the group was still sick-listed. The participants answered a mail questionnaire including 24 questions on negative and positive effects. The most common negative influences were attributed to economy. 55-68 percent reported less opportunity and desire to participate in leisure time activities, social and family activities, impaired sleep and psychological well-being. Half of the group reported a more negative selfimage. Negative effects on the relations to partner, children, family and friends were reported by 20-29 percent while 11-18 percent reported positive influences. Positive effects were mainly found for lifestyle, alcohol- and smoking habits, relations to children and partner. Positive consequences were more common than negative effects in one respect only use of alcohol. The response patterns differed with gender, age and diagnosis. In the group with psychological diagnoses the consequences were polarised with few persons unaffected while in the group with musculoskeletal and other diagnoses the consequences to a much higher degree were unipolar and negative. Those who reported a positive influence on sleep showed an increased probability of being back in work, particularly among the elderly. The report is finished by a methodological discussion. Keyword: long term sick leave, social consequences, psychological consequences, mental diagnoses, muskuloskeletal disorders, health-related behaviourPerspektivet och frågorna i denna studie är inte de vanliga den handlar inte om vad som orsakar sjukfrånvaro utan om det omvända konsekvenser för den enskilde av en långtidssjukskrivning. Med tanke på omfattningen av sjukfrånvaron, och särskilt långtidsfrånvaro, är det förvånande hur lite belyst denna fråga har varit i forskningen. Rapporten får ses som ett första försök till att bidra till ökad kunskap i en samhällsfråga av stor relevans. Undersökningens syfte var att studera hur livssituationen påverkas vid långa sjukskrivningar. Via RFV:s register gjordes ett populationsbaserat urval av 1 350 personer där samtliga hade varit sjukskrivna mellan 12-18 månader och hälften fortfarande var sjukskrivna. En postenkät genomfördes med svarsfrekvensen 64 procent (862 personer). Tjugofyra frågor handlade om hur sjukskrivningen påverkat livssituationen. Den vanligaste konsekvensen var negativ inverkan på ekonomin. 55-68 procent rapporterade minskade möjligheter och lust att delta i fritidsaktiviteter, olika sociala aktiviteter, familjeaktiviteter, sämre sömn och psykiskt välbefinnande. Hälften av de svarande angav att de fått en mer negativ självbild. Avseende relationerna med partner, barn, nära familjekrets och vänner angav 20-29 procent negativa konsekvenser medan 11-18 procent angav positiva. De goda effekterna fanns i första hand för livsstil såsom alkohol- och rökvanor, och relationer till barn och partner. Påverkansbilden skilde sig beroende på kön, ålder och diagnosgrupp. För personer sjukskrivna med psykiska diagnoser var bilden mest polariserad med påtagliga utslag såväl i positiv som negativ riktning, även om det senare övervägde. För övriga diagnoser fanns inte denna polarisering utan negativa konsekvenser övervägde klart. De som uppgav att de fått bättre sömn i samband med sjukskrivningen var oftare åter i arbete, speciellt bland äldre. De stora individuella skillnader som framkommit i undersökningen visar att frågan om konsekvenser av sjukskrivning inte är enkel eller entydig. Teoriutveckling och prospektiva studier behövs för att få mer kunskap inom området
Self-reported health in mothers : The impact of age, and socioeconomic conditions
No full textThe aim of the present analysis was to study health and well-being in mothers compared to women without children, and to analyze potential interactions with age and socioeconomic conditions. The study comprised 5,368 Swedish women born in 1960-1979 who were interviewed in any of the population-based Surveys of Living Conditions during the period 1996-2003. Having children at home was related to self-reported health symptoms and. long-standing illness in multiple logistic regression models. The impact of age, cohabitation status, full-time or part-time work, and income level were analyzed. While mothers were less burdened by long-standing illness, partly due to selection mechanisms (a "healthy mother effect"), they experienced worse self-rated health and more fatigue than women without children, and the odds of poor self-rated. health and fatigue increased by number of children. Conditions that strengthened the association between motherhood and impaired health were young maternal age, full-time employment, high income, and being alone. The study indicates a need for improved negotiations between parents regarding a fair share of work and family duties and extended support for lone mothers to prevent adverse health effects in women combining children and work. ne results may be useful to policy-makers and employers in developing new policies.</p
Interaction Effects of Social Isolation and Peripheral Work Position on Risk of Disability Pension: A Prospective Study of Swedish Women and Men.
No full textPurposeThe study examines various combinations of levels of social isolation in private life and peripheral work position as predictors of disability pension (DP). A second aim was to test the potential interaction effects (above additivity) of social isolation and peripheral work position on the future risk of DP, and to provide results for men and women by age.MethodThe study was based on a sample of 45567 women and men from the Swedish population who had been interviewed between 1992 and 2007. Further information on DP and diagnoses was obtained from the Swedish Social Insurance Agency's database (1993-2011). The studied predictors were related to DP using Cox's proportional hazard regression. The analyses were stratified on sex and age (20-39 years, 40-64 years), with control for selected confounders.ResultsIncreased risks of DP were found for most combinations of social isolation and peripheral work position in all strata. The hazard ratios (HRs) for joint exposure to high degree of social isolation and a peripheral work position were particularly strong among men aged 20-39 (HR 5.70; CI 95% 3.74-8.69) and women aged 20-39 (HR 4.07; CI 2.99-5.56). An interaction effect from combined exposure was found for women in both age groups as well as a tendency in the same direction among young men. However, after confounder control the effects did not reach significance.ConclusionsIndividuals who were socially isolated and in a peripheral work position had an increased risk of future DP. The fact that an interaction effect was found among women indicates that a combination of social isolation and peripheral work position may reinforce adverse health effects. There was no evidence that a peripheral work position can be compensated by a high degree of social intergration in private life
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