573 research outputs found
Irene M. Witte (1894-1976), Expert on Scientific Management
No full textIn der Forschungsliteratur zur Geschichte der Rationalisierungsbewegung werden die Schriften der Deutsch-Amerikanerin Irene Witte vielfach als Grundlagentexte verwendet. Eine Gesamtdarstellung der eigenständigen Leistung Wittes als Übersetzerin, Autorin und Organisatorin beim Transfer der Einführung der Wissenschaftlichen Betriebsführung im Deutschand der 20er Jahre und erneut nach 1945 existierte bislang nicht. Die Dissertation will diese Lücke füllen und Leben und Werk Irene Wittes anhand ihres Nachlasses nachzeichnen. Bemerkenswert ist, dass Witte als unverheiratete Frau und Nicht-Akademikerin innerhalb der neu entstehenden Wissenschaftsdisziplinen Arbeitswissenschaft und Betriebswirtschaftslehre Erfolg hatte. Sie war eine Anhängerin des Betriebsingenieurs und Taylor-Schülers Frank Bunker Gilbreth, den sie persönlich kannte und mit dessen Frau Lillian Gilbreth sie lebenslang befreundet war. Wittes umfassende Publikationstätigkeit wird erstmals vorgestellt. Ihre beruflichen Stationen in Industrie, Handel und Haushalt werden rekonstruiert. Der Höhepunkt ihrer gesellschaftlichen Stellung wird um 1930 datiert. Sie ist zu diesem Zeitpunkt Leiterin des Organisationsbüros eines großen Berliner Warenhauses und zugleich als Fachschriftstellerin gefragt. Irene Wittes Positionierung als Grenzgängerin innerhalb der Debatte um Rationalisierung, sowie während der "Arisierung" der Warenhäuser durch die Nationalsozialisten wird untersucht. Auf Grund der ungebrochenen Aktualität der Diskussion um die Zukunft der Arbeit konzentriert sich der werkgeschichtliche Teil auf Wittes am häufigsten zitierte Publikationen zum Taylorismus: "Kritik des Zeitstudienverfahrens" (1921), "Taylor-Gilbreth Ford" (1924) sowie "Taylor, Vater der wirtschaftlichen Betriebsführung" (1928). Bei aller Befürwortung der Rationalisierungsidee nach amerikanischem Vorbild hatte sich Witte wiederholt gegen die auch von Seiten der Gewerkschaften begrüsste Fordisierung deutscher Betriebe ausgesprochen.The publications of Irene M. Witte are often a welcome source of information in research literature. However, the presentation of Wittes important contribution as translator, author and manager to the transfer of scientific management from the US to Germany in the 1920ies and after 1945 was omitted. The thesis intends to fill this gap. It analyzes Witte's life by using - among other sources - the source material of Witte's bequest in the museum of labour history in Mannheim. It is remarkable that Witte - most of her lifetime unmarried and responsible for parts of her family - succeeds as a non-academic woman on a new field of academic research: scientific management. She was a pupil of Frank Bunker Gilbreth, an industrial engineer of the Taylor-school, and a lifelong friend of Frank's wife Lillian Moller Gilbreth. Witte's extensive publishing activities is being presented for the first time. Her professional career in industry, commerce and household organisation is being reconstructed. Witte was most successful around 1930 when she was head of the planning department of a large Berlin department store and at the same time a well-known author. Witte's pioneering position within the efficiency movement in Germany as well as her position during the "arianisation" of department stores after 1933 is part of the presentation. Witte's theoretical standpoint is being discussed in the analysis of her three major publications on scientific management or taylorism during the 1920ies. From the beginning Witte opposed the introduction of Fordist methods into German production
Analysis of Benefits System and Evaluation of its Influence on Employee Motivation in WITTE Nejdek, s.r.o.
Get PDFPředkládaná diplomová práce se zabývá zaměstnaneckými benefity, motivací a pracovní spokojeností. Teoretická část je rozdělena na dvě hlavní kapitoly. První kapitola definuje zaměstnanecké benefity a druhá kapitola se zabývá motivační teorií. U druhé kapitoly se autorka věnuje i tématu odměňování zaměstnanců. Praktická část je zaměřena na analýzu benefitního systému ve společnosti WITTE Nejdek, s r. o. Autorka nejprve společnost představí a následně vysvětlí systém zaměstnaneckých benefitů. Cílem práce je zanalyzovat, zda je benefitní systém společnosti optimální a zda má vliv na pracovní spokojenost zaměstnanců všech pozic ve společnosti. A to díky osobně zadávanému dotazníkovému šetření a následným otevřeným kódováním odpovědí. Na závěr autorka poskytne výsledky šetření a na základě nich navrhne doporučení na zlepšení systému.This diploma thesis deals with employee benefits, motivation and job satisfaction. The theoretical part is divided into two main chapters. The first chapter defines employee benefits and the second chapter deals with motivation theory. In the second chapter, the author also deals with the topic of employee reward scheme. The practical part is focused on the benefit system in the company WITTE Nejdek, s r. o. The author first introduces the company and then explains the system of employee benefits. The aim of this diploma thesis is to analyze whether the company's benefit system is optimal and whether it affects the job satisfaction of all employee positions. And that is thanks to a personally entered questionnaire survey and subsequent open coding of answers. Finally, the author provides the results of the survey and based on them proposes recommendations for improving the system
Images of Monarchy in Memoiras S. Y. Witte and “Performative Turn”
Get PDFThis paper analyzes the images of the monarchy (the reigns of Alexander III and Nicholas II) in the memoirs of S. Y. Witte. The author uses the methodology of the “performative turn” and refers to the research approaches of R. Wortman, A. Yurchak, K. Solovyov. The monarchy is regarded as the dominant institution of the political system of the Russian Empire. The components of the images of the monarchy and the differences in the images of the two emperors are revealed.В работе анализируются образы монархии (времен царствований Александра III и Николая II) в мемуарах С. Ю. Витте. Автор использует методологию «перформативного поворота» и ссылается на исследовательские подходы Р. Уортмана, А. Юрчака, К. Соловьева. Монархия рассматривается в качестве доминирующего института политической системы Российской империи. Выявляются компоненты образов монархии и различия в образах двух императоров
The Image of Witte in Early Soviet Historiography: Tarle vs Romanov (on Ye. V. Tarle’s 150th Birthday)
Get PDFThe article was submitted on 28.12.2024.Выход в свет воспоминаний графа С. Ю. Витте в год десятилетия свержения монархии в России вызвал всплеск интереса к этим событиям и фигурам прошлого в советской России. Е. В. Тарле оказался первым, кто подготовил небольшую книжку, посвященную дипломатической деятельности Витте. Несмотря на то, что автор опирался в основном на мемуары своего героя и использовал небольшое количество источников, он сумел дать объективный красочный портрет графа на фоне общей дипломатической истории Европы начала ХХ в., преимущественно русско-германских отношений. Однако в «виттеведении» пальма первенства признается, как правило, за другим историком – Б. А. Романовым, который даже раньше, чем Тарле, начал готовить обстоятельные документальные комментарии к воспоминаниям Витте. По мнению автора, забвение книжки Тарле, написанной в расчете на массового читателя, а не на специалиста, как работы Романова, несправедливо: академик продемонстрировал в ней не только тонкое понимание им эпохи, но и первым представил личностную характеристику крупнейшего политического деятеля Российский империи конца XIX – начала ХХ в.The publication of the memoirs of Count S. Yu. Witte and the tenth anniversary of the overthrow of the monarchy in Russia caused a surge of interest in these events and in the figures of the past in Soviet Russia. Ye. V. Tarle was the first to prepare a small book dedicated to Witte’s diplomatic activity. Despite relying primarily on the memoirs of his character and utilising only a limited number of sources, the author successfully presented an objective and colourful portrait of the count. This portrait was set against the broader context of the diplomatic history of Europe in the early twentieth century, with a particular focus on Russian-German relations. However, in “Witte studies”, B. A. Romanov is usually regarded as a pioneer who began to prepare detailed documentary commentaries on Witte’s memoirs even earlier than Tarle. It appears that the lack of recognition for Tarle’s book, which was intended for a general audience and not for experts like Romanov’s texts, is unjust. The academician demonstrated not only his nuanced understanding of the era but also broke new ground by presenting a personal profile of the most prominent political figure of the Russian Empire of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries
Alteracions neurofisiològiques en el processament complex auditiu subjacents a patologies del llenguatge: disfèmia verbal i dislèxia del desenvolupament
Get PDF[cat] La present tesi doctoral consta de tres estudis sobre les alteracions neurofisiològiques en el processament auditiu subjacents a dues patologies del llenguatge del desenvolupament: la disfèmia verbal i la dislèxia. Aquests estudis s'han portat a terme mitjançant el registre de potencials evocats cerebrals (PECs). El primer estudi investigà les possibles alteracions auditives en la disfèmia del desenvolupament persistent, utilitzant el potencial evocat de disparitat (Mismatch Negativity, MMN). Els resultats mostraren l'existència d'un dèficit de processament auditiu específic dels estímuls de la parla manifestat per diferències entre el grup de disfèmics i els controls en l'amplitud del generador supratemporal esquerre del PEC auditiu MMN. A més, es trobà una correlació negativa entre el grau de fluïdesa de la parla i l'amplitud del generador supratemporal esquerre de MMN. Amb tot, aquest estudi mostrà que els disfèmics del desenvolupament persistent presenten alteracions específiques en el processament auditiu dels estímuls de la parla. El segon estudi investigà les possibles alteracions auditives en la dislèxia del desenvolupament, utilitzant el potencial MMN. Els resultats d'aquest estudi mostraren una demora en la latència del potencial MMN davant de contrastos auditius simples i també davant d'estímuls de la parla, és a dir, fonemes. A més, els resultats van revelar en els dislèctics l'existència d'alteracions en la discriminació temporal dels estímuls, manifestat per les diferències d'amplitud en el component MMN i del subseqüent component P3a trobades entre grups davant contrastos auditius de durada. Així doncs, els resultats d'aquest estudi revelaren que els subjectes amb dislèxia del desenvolupament presenten un dèficit específic de processament de la informació temporal auditiva. El tercer estudi investigà les possibles alteracions atencionals auditives en la dislèxia del desenvolupament, utilitzant el potencial evocat P3a o novelty-P3. Aquest estudi es va dur a terme mitjançant la realització d'una tasca de distracció en la que els subjectes havien de discriminar estímuls visuals i ignorar sons distractors novedosos irrellevants. Els resultats mostraren l'existència d'un dèficit de processament auditiu primari en els subjectes dislèctics manifestat per un augment de l'amplitud i una demora dels components N1/MMN davant de tots els estímuls auditius, i alteracions en els processos atencionals dels dislèctics, mostrat per un pitjor rendiment i un augment del temps de reacció en la tasca conductual, i d'una disminució de l'amplitud i una demora del potencial P3a davant dels estímuls novedosos, especialment davant els estímuls novedosos familiars pel subjecte. Amb tot, aquest estudi demostrà alteracions atencionals auditives en els subjectes amb dislèxia del desenvolupament
Battling moralities: competing for medical marijuana legislation
No full textIn the 2012 election cycle, Massachusetts became the 20th state (including Washington, DC) to pass legislation favoring medical marijuana. As momentum builds for more states to pass medical marijuana laws, the federal government continues to classify the drug as a Schedule I, illegal narcotic that has a high likelihood of abuse and dependence and that should continue to be treated punitively. In this work, I take a holistic approach to uncover some of the larger, national patterns that have allowed for some states to pass legislation favorable to medical marijuana in a relatively hostile federal climate. This work will demonstrate that the battle over medical marijuana legislation is about much more than just the drug’s medical efficacy. Medical marijuana policy is symbolic of the nation’s attitudes toward illicit substances and medical science, an illustration of the power of rhetoric and the struggles between different moralities, and an example of the forces at work in the battles over morality policies. Put simply, these legislative battles are contesting the moral meaning of marijuana itself. The complex nature of these morality policy struggles necessitates a varied methodological approach. By analyzing the battles between science and morality and the path to medicalization, the historical constructions of the drug and its associated policies, the statistical differences between those states that have passed medical marijuana and those that have not, and the rhetoric and ideological arguments used in the media (and elsewhere) that serve to bound the marijuana debate, patterns of partially changing morality surface that suggest a level of inconsistency and ambiguity in the national understanding of the drug. In order for the construction of marijuana to shift from a criminal to a medical designation, this research highlights the four battles within which medical marijuana legislation is fought: federal vs. state control, entrepreneurial struggles for bureaucratic power, constructing an image of the marijuana user, and moral vs. scientific struggles over the meaning of the drug. As these battles are being waged, multiple marijuana moralities are emerging, giving shape to the changing landscape of medical marijuana legislation.Ph. D.Includes bibliographical referencesby Tracie L. Witt
Proportion of clade <i>t003-X</i>, other <i>spa</i> type <i>t003</i> isolates, and <i>spa</i> type <i>t032</i> among MRSA from hospital <i>X1</i>.
No full text<p>Total numbers of MRSA isolates received from hospital <i>X1</i> in individual years from 2006 through 2010 were 42, 38, 64, 60, and 74, respectively.</p
Реформатор железных дорог и страны
Get PDFLevinD. Yu. S. Yu. Witte– railwayman, an outstanding statesman [S. Yu. Witte– zheleznodorozhnik, vydayushchiisya gosudarstvenniy deyatel]. Moscow, Railway training and methodological centre, 2020, 376 p. ISBN 978-5- 907206-02-1.Books about the «outstanding railway man No. 1» are published quite often, especially since 2019 that marked his 170th birthday. The personality of Sergey Yulievich Witte has always attracted connoisseurs and lovers of Russian history. Dmitry Levin’s new book «S. Yu. Witte – railwayman, an outstanding statesman» [S. Yu. Witte – zheleznodorozhnik, vydayushchiisya gosudarstvenniy deyatel’] is about him, a reformer who began his career on the railway. The author of the first Charter of Railways, the creator of the theory of tariffs, the initiator of the reform of construction and operation of railways, the acting head of construction of the Trans-Siberian Railway, who became a politician, statesman, diplomat, financier – this is a small part of what Witte had managed to do for the countryЛевин Д. Ю. С. Ю. Витте – железнодорожник, выдающийся государственный деятель. – М.: УМЦ по образованию на железнодорожном транспорте, 2020. – 376 с. ISBN 978- 5-907206-02-1.Книги о «выдающемся железнодорожнике №1» издаются довольно часто, тем более что в2019году отмечалось его 170-летие. Личность Сергея Юльевича Витте всегда притягивала знатоков илюбителей русской истории. Новая книга Дмитрия Левина «С. Ю. Витте – железнодорожник, выдающийся государственный деятель» о нём, реформаторе, начавшем карьеру на железной дороге. Автор первого Устава железных дорог, создатель теории тарифов, инициатор реформы строительства иэксплуатации железных дорог, фактический руководитель строительства Транссибирской магистрали, ставший политиком, государственным деятелем, дипломатом, финансистом – это малая часть того, что успел сделать Витте для страны
Sergei Witte’s Opinion on the Process of Transformation of the Russian Autocracy
Get PDFВ работе анализируется взгляд С. Ю. Витте на процесс трансформации российского самодержавия. Монархия рассматривается в качестве доминирующего института политической системы Российской империи. Делается вывод о зависимости процесса трансформации самодержавия от личных качеств императора.The paper analyzes the concept of the transformation of autocracy in the memoirs of Sergei Witte. The monarchy is regarded as the dominant institution of the political system of the Russian Empire. The author concludes that the process of transformation of the autocracy depends on the personal qualities of the Emperor
I Perceive, Therefore I Strive? Unraveling the Relation Between Situation Perception and Achievement Motivation States
No full textEmpirical evidence shows that achievement motivation is related to academic outcomes
like performance. In the last decades, research followed a more dynamic approach to
explain such connections and has shifted from using stable traits to investigating
momentarily fluctuating states. Achievement motivation has been shown to 1) fluctuate at
state level and 2) be linked to specific situation perception variables, like Duty or Intellect,
but the direction of this relation is yet unclear. Being interested in whether situation
perception has an effect on achievement motivation or vice versa, we obtained state selfreports
of those variables from N = 248 students that participated in an online learning
task with three successive measurement occasions, including a quiz. Using random
intercept cross-lagged panel models, we examined the directionality of the relation
between situation perception and achievement motivation states. Cross-lagged parameters
were mainly substantial from situation perception to motivation. There were no significant
paths for Intellect, but directional effects from Duty to achievement motivation states with
positive valence. Findings of the study highlight the importance of Duty in shaping
achievement motivation states, widening our understanding of the role of situational
context in academic settings, and provide first insights into causal relations between these
variables
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