27 research outputs found
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Multilateral compliance mechanisms in EU environmental law ::internationalising EU environmental action and beyond /
No full text"Prompted by recent events in the EU's international environmental cooperation, this thought-provoking book explores the establishment and use of multilateral environmental compliance mechanisms as part of the EU's external environmental action. Expanding upon current discussions in external relations law, this timely book uses a doctrinal approach to analyse EU engagement with a key instrument of international environmental governance. The author examines the role of compliance mechanisms in EU environmental action, from establishing these treaty-based mechanisms within EU legal boundaries, to utilising non-compliance decisions at EU level. The book concludes with an evaluation of the extent to which EU law enables the EU to preserve, protect, and improve the global environment with the aid of compliance mechanisms, as required by its own treaties. Multilateral Compliance Mechanisms in EU Environmental Law will be an essential resource for scholars in environmental law, European law, international relations, and public international law. It will also be beneficial for EU officials and policymakers, and environmental advocates and campaigners"-
Recommended from our members
Multilateral compliance mechanisms in EU environmental law ::internationalising EU environmental action and beyond /
No full text"Prompted by recent events in the EU's international environmental cooperation, this thought-provoking book explores the establishment and use of multilateral environmental compliance mechanisms as part of the EU's external environmental action. Expanding upon current discussions in external relations law, this timely book uses a doctrinal approach to analyse EU engagement with a key instrument of international environmental governance. The author examines the role of compliance mechanisms in EU environmental action, from establishing these treaty-based mechanisms within EU legal boundaries, to utilising non-compliance decisions at EU level. The book concludes with an evaluation of the extent to which EU law enables the EU to preserve, protect, and improve the global environment with the aid of compliance mechanisms, as required by its own Treaties. Multilateral Compliance Mechanisms in EU Environmental Law will be an essential resource for scholars in environmental law, European law, international relations, and public international law. It will also be beneficial for EU officials and policymakers, and environmental advocates and campaigners"-
The EU in multilateral environmental compliance mechanisms: an outside view
No full textWith reference to its unique characteristics, the European Union (EU) regularly requests a special position in treaty cooperation or external judicial control mechanisms. Recurrently, these requests are successful and lead to the EU being treated differently from other treaty parties. These situations have been captured by the concept of ‘European exceptionalism’. EU requests for special treatment can also be witnessed in the supportive and facilitative procedures of compliance mechanisms in international environmental law. In those mechanisms, however, EU requests for special treatment are subject to careful scrutiny, and are even met with strong opposition by treaty institutions and treaty partners. Taking a closer look at the EU’s participation in compliance mechanisms, the present article discusses how certain unique EU characteristics may prompt an EU request for special treatment under compliance mechanisms and explores how compliance institutions and treaty partners have treated existing requests so far. With this outside perspective of non-EU actors, it is possible to understand where such requests can be successful and where they fail to be. In this way, the insights gained permit reflection upon the EU’s participation in compliance mechanisms and whether it truly constitutes a further phenomenon of ‘European exceptionalism’
Austrian Constitutional Court: Considering Climate Change as a Public Interest is Arbitrary – Refusal of Third Runway Permit Annulled
No full textAbstract
In the present case, the Constitutional Court found that in having considered climate change as public interest opposing the permitting of a third runway at Vienna International Airport, the deciding court had comprehensively misjudged the applicable law and thus acted arbitrarily. ‘Climate change’, the public interest in climate protection respectively, is not a public interest reflected in the Austrian Aviation Act, which the deciding court relied upon; interpreting the Act in light of the Austrian Federal Constitutional Act on Sustainability cannot newly found such a public interest. Highly anticipated, the judgment of the Constitutional Court surprises with its line of reasoning in arriving at this conclusion.</jats:p
TiRuP / Vom "unerheblichen" Töten : aktuelle Judikatur zum artenschutzrechtlichen Tötungsverbot
No full textAls Teil des europäischen Artenschutzrechts beschäftigt dasTötungsverbot weiterhin die Gerichte. In der aktuellen Judikatur werden verschiedenartigeErheblichkeitsschwellen thematisiert, unterhalb derer dasTötungsverbot nicht zur Anwendung kommen bzw nicht als verwirklicht geltensoll. Auf diesem Weg sollen artenschutzrechtlich relevante Fragestellungenva zugunsten wirtschaftlicher Tätigkeiten aufgelöst werden können. Überzeugenkönnen diese Erheblichkeitsschwellen, die in den europäischenRechtsgrundlagen nicht explizit angelegt sind, aber nur bedingt. Sie sind,wenn überhaupt, nur teilweise mit der Systematik des Artenschutzrechts vereinbar.Vor allem aber an ihrer (rechtlichen) Notwendigkeit darf gezweifeltwerden.Refereed/Peer-reviewedVersion of recor
Palm oil, the RED II and WTO law: EU sustainable biofuel policy tangled up in green?
No full textNew European Union (EU) rules on biofuels have led to mounting tensions between the EU and some of its trading partners. A particularly contentious measure is the ‘freeze and phase‐out’ of certain biofuels in the transport sector with a high indirect land‐use change risk, as introduced by the recast of the Renewable Energy Directive. In light of Indonesia’s recent move to initiate proceedings against the EU at the World Trade Organization (WTO), this article systematically explores relevant key concepts of WTO law and analyses the compatibility of the EU measures with the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and the Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT Agreement). While the EU measures are carefully crafted to avoid potential WTO pitfalls—such as applicability of the TBT Agreement—the article identifies several critical aspects that raise doubts about the measure’s compatibility with WTO law. In particular, the seemingly deliberate targeting of palm oil casts doubt on the justification of the measure on environmental grounds
Tree Stem Shapes Derived from TLS Data as an Indicator for Shallow Landslides
No full textAbstractLandslides or other forms of mass movement influence slope stability, and are known to have significant effects on vegetation patterns. Observation of such surface patterns may result in valuable information for understanding the kinematics of the landslide. In forested regions, tree growth anomaly is often served as an indicator of shallow landslide activity. Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) is able to acquire accurate and dense 3D point cloud which provides the potential of reconstructing forest structure. In this study, we obtained high density TLS data in the northern Walgau in the federal state of Vorarlberg in Austria, where translational mass movement phenomenon exists in a forested region. A novel algorithm was developed to fast and robustly characterize single tree parameters (e.g. diameter at breast height (DBH), inclination angle of the stem and stem volume). Consequently, these tree parameters were successfully determined at single tree level. Field measurements were conducted in order to validate the results from the modelling algorithm. The root mean square error of DBH is 1.6cm (4.9%). The average stem inclination angle is 8.2°. The results of this study revealed that characterization of trees (i.e. inclination of the stems) can be used to indicate shallow landslide activities in forested regions. The quantification of tree parameters could also contribute to a better understanding of the interaction between landslides and trees
Analyse und Beurteilung des Vorschlags der Europäischen Kommission für einen CO₂-Grenzausgleichsmechanismus der EU
No full textIm Rahmen dieser Studie wird der Vorschlag der EU-Kommission für ein CO2-Grenzausgleichssystem (CBAM) einer ökonomischen sowie rechtlichen Analyse unterzogen. Die Analyse des CBAM-Vorschlags zeigt, dass sowohl hinsichtlich der Frage der Effektivität als auch im Hinblick auf die WTO-Kompatibilität des CBAM gewisse Problembereiche bestehen. Wenngleich eine Ergänzung des Emissionshandelssystems der EU grundsätzlich notwendig ist, ergeben sich aus dem CBAM-Vorschlag der Europäischen Kommission Risiken; vor allem aus dem beschränkten Anwendungsbereich des CBAM auf Grundstoffe und Grunderzeugnisse sowie im Hinblick auf seine Vereinbarkeit mit zentralen WTO-Prinzipien (Meistbegünstigungsgrundsatz, Inländerbehandlung). Anstelle einer technisch komplexen und WTO-rechtlich problematischen Ausweitung des Anwendungsbereichs des CBAM empfiehlt die Studie, die Effektivität des Mechanismus auf indirektem Wege zu steigern und ihn um nicht-preisbasierte Instrumente mit Schwerpunkt auf transformativer Forschungs- und Innovationsförderung zu ergänzen. Die Zweckwidmung der CBAM-Erlöse für eine große EU-Mission zur Förderung neuer und energiesparender Produktionstechnologien sowie die Förderung des Technologietransfers in Länder des Globalen Südens könnten dabei einen wichtigen Beitrag leisten
Evaluation of Shallow Landslides in the Northern Walgau (Austria) Using Morphometric Analysis Techniques
No full textAbstractLandslides play a key role in landscape evolution in the Eastern Alps. These geomorphic phenomena are influenced by multiple interdependent and interacting natural and anthropogenic factors. An in-depth evaluation of the spatial distribution of existing landslides enables to gain first insights into potentially hazardous areas. Morphometric analysis techniques of mapped landslides as well as their date of occurrence allow to infer their activity and also potential impacts on affected areas. The prevalent slow moving landslides and inactive slipping areas were mapped and analysed via digital terrain models (DTM), shaded relief images of highly resolved airborne laserscanning (ALS) data and in-field observations. Orthophotos from aerial surveys and ALS data allowed a deferred-time analyses of past landslide occurrences including a record of recent slope movements. All mapped landslides were classified and analysed with geomorphometric indices. Pedological processes, the lithological setting and anthropogenic landscape transformationwere taken into account when interpreting the results. The geomorphometrical evaluation of the sliding areas determine the creation of a multitemporal landslide inventory in the Northern Walgau
Antimicrobial and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Endophytic Fungi Talaromyces wortmannii Extracts against Acne-Inducing Bacteria
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