1,721,002 research outputs found
Daylight in Underground Architecture
No full textThe use of natural light in (underground) architecture is beneficial for both the human wellbeing as well as the quality of the architecture. However innovative systems are needed to bring natural daylight in underground spaces. The daylighting systems, which are classified as light guiding systems and light transporting systems have been reviewed and compared. The advantages and disadvantages of each system are summarized in order to be able to choose a system that fits within the architecture of the underground ‘building’
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
The Stackable Glass Column
No full textIn 1942 cast glass columns weredesigned in the Danteum by GiuseppeTerragni. But due to the annealing timeof large glass pieces, these have neverbeen produced. Now, more than 75years later, a new type of cast glasscolumn will be designed. This time, thedesign is made out of interlocking drystacked cast glass components.Glass is a strong yet brittle materialthat is used in many different industries.In this research, we are looking atthe glass type borosilicate. This glasstype is used in practices where temperaturedifferences could occur. Whendesigning a load-bearing column, fireresistance is a significant part of theoverall safety of the column.Columns that are made out of glasscan be separated in five types byNijsse, R. & Ten Brincke (2014); profiled,layered tubular, stacked sheets,bundled and cast. As far as we know,the profiled glass column is thy onlytype that is used in the structure in abuilding so far. When wanting to producea cast glass column, this columnshould be split up into smaller pieces.This is because it would result in anannealing time that is much shorterdue to the smaller dimensions andvolume of the different parts of thecolumn.When the column is split up intopieces, thoughts should be about howto connect those separated pieces.Previously in cast glass structures inthe Atocha Memorial in Madrid andthe Crystal Houses in Amsterdam, anadhesive glue was used to bond thebricks. In these structures it is notpossible to remove the glue easily;which will eventually result in moreresidual waste with no recycled glass.When a dry connection would be chosen,the column could be re-stackableand recyclable. Because the columnshould also be able to hold shearforces, this dry connection should besubstantiated with a shear connection.This connection could be constructedby an interlocking surface or element.In this design, this connection is madewith a dry interlayer of TPU and aninterlocking sphere between the surfaces.This interlocking sphere only had tobear the shear forces that will be appliedon the column. These forces willbe much lower than the compressiveforces that will be transferred throughthe flat surface of the components.This is why there will be great freedomin the materials and the interlayersthat may, or may not be used.A list of design principles and challengeshas been made during the literatureresearch that has been done. Fromthis different designs have been madefor the component design. An elegantbone-like shape has been chosen todevelop further, to find the limitationsof glass as a material and the loads ithas to carry.In this design, ten subcolumns ofconstructed of the same componentand its interlocking sphere will be thestructure of the total column. Due tothe forces that are applied in the casestudy the glasspalace, a building ofmultiple stories on the ground floorthat has a height of 6 meter, the componentand therefore the column grewvery big and robust.Different mock-ups on scale 1:3 aremade with the silicone moulds thatare produced; ice, sugar glass, glassand epoxy. Some were experimentallytested on strength and cracking behaviourin comparison to real glass.This thesis aims to find out how wecan design and produce a safe, engineeringsound, re-stackable, free-standingcolumn made of multifunctionalcast glass interlocking components
Facade Design with Interlocking Cast Glass System based on Structural Behaviour Investigation
No full textGlass is a material with high potentiality in a structural application. Brittleness has always been challenging for glass structure. Recyclability is also challenging for the current glass application since the chemical bonding is contaminating the recipe. Interlocking cast glass construction offers an interesting bypass to solve these two problems. To not rely on chemical bonding, the interlocking mechanism is used. Interlocking requires self-stabilising bulky units which are the perfect fit for the casting process, which is not conventional for the structural glass. Interlocking construction with glass blocks relies on soft interlayer to avoid peak stress and protect the glass. Also, this makes the interlocking cast glass construction rather challenging to analyse.The thesis investigates the key aspects of the topological interlocking cast glass (referred as TICG) system with elastomer interlayers. Glass is a sensitive material; its structural behaviour needs to be investigated considering its geometry and boundary condition of the application. The complexity of the structural behaviour lies in three levels, namely, single block level, block-interlayer-block interaction level and interlocking assembly level.The literature research was done as the first step to understanding the relevant aspect for the TICG system could be. It then concluded that the interlayer mechanical attributes, glass geometry, interlocking amplitude and lateral pre-compression could be the key aspects. A case of the Optical House in Hiroshima, Japan is chosen to apply this technology, for which the possible failure and risk is analysed according to the possible failure mode in the literature research. A strategy of using active façade with compression-release is determined for the key feature of the façade.Given the complexity in the TICG composition, it is decided to do physical testing on the interlocking cast glass system and blocks, instead of doing numerical simulation. This part generates the requirement for façade engineering to be considered for the next section. The TICG structural behaviour complexity is investigated in three tests, namely, uniaxial test, three-block shear test and assembly test. The uniaxial test yielded the relevance of interlayer strengths and block geometry. The three-block shear test showed the relation between shear key geometry and shear load transfer. The final assembly test proved that the pre-compression is still relevant to the stiffness of the TICG façade and actively controlled releasing mechanism should be integrated.In the last part, the façade is engineered and detailed considering the requirement previously investigated. Feasibility, detailing and assembly sequence is given. Comparison has been made between existing threaded cast glass solution and the TICG solution.The thesis plays a part in the glass research group in the Building Engineering department of TU Delft and it is aimed to provide a step forward towards a more reliable and more recyclable glass structural solution.Architecture, Urbanism and Building Science
Re connecting bamboo: Development and structural evaluation of connections for construction of a prefabricated housing unit using engineered bamboo
No full textToday, the world is continuously looking forward towards sustainable solutions for building construction, thus the interest and the need for sustainability is continuously growing. With growing issues related to the environment and sustainability, Bamboo being one of the answers is one such sustainable material that has a lot of potentials to be used as a building material. This graduation research is a little step towards uplifting the material, improvising and changing the current perception of bamboo in the building construction sector by evaluating possibilities of using an engineered form of bamboo in a structural application. Today, bamboo is developed up to a level where it is structurally modified for improved strength, durability and performance. This research focuses on using this advanced form of Bamboo to develop a method of construction to build a housing prototype and investigate into connection techniques to construct the same using these materials. The connection design is inspired by Japanese interlocking joinery, with an aim to avoid the use of external fasteners to connect the joinery. This semi-permanent prefabricated interlocking approach allows for future flexibility. The research also establishes and evaluates criteria as a design rule for efficient joinery connections. The joinery design is validated by physical prototyping, testing and software validation of the proposed joinery design configuration. The project strives to gain validation for the potential of using bamboo is a structural application.Architecture, Urbanism and Building Sciences | Building Technology | Sustainable Desig
Towards adaptive facade retrofitting for enegy neutral mixed-use buildings
No full textThe purpose of this research is to provide a set of guidelines for systemized façade retrofitting in mixed-use buildings to become nearly energy neutral. Heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) are parts of the major energy consumption in buildings. Nevertheless, until recent times, all efforts and attentions have mainly been focused on increasing and optimizing the thermal insulation of the envelope components. The development of dynamic building envelope technologies, which are capable of adapting to changing outdoor and indoor environments, is considered to contribute to achieving nearly energy neutral buildings
OB-DFD: Open Building - Designed for Disassembly
No full textResearch and design for a more circular built environment, focused on the 'open building typology' and the technical aspects of 'design for disassembly'. Design focused on the city of Groningen.One million home
Sustainable design solutions for the middle class in the centre of Pretoria, South Africa
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