84 research outputs found
Knowledge of obstetric danger signs and associated factors among reproductive age women in Raya Kobo district of Ethiopia: A community based cross-sectional study
No full textDevelopment and validation of a risk prediction model for caesarean delivery among multiparous women
No full textAbstract: While caesarean risk prediction models exist for nulliparous and high-risk pregnancies, there is a lack of models that predict the risk of caesarean delivery among multiparous women. This study aimed to develop and validate a risk prediction model for caesarean delivery and assess its clinical utility among multiparous women. Using data from 460 participants, a prediction model was developed to predict the risk of caesarean delivery. The model performance was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and calibration plot, and the model was internally validated using bootstrapping technique. A simplified risk score was calculated, and a nomogram was developed for the individual caesarean delivery risk guide. Additionally, a decision curve analysis was performed to assess the clinical utility of the model. The final model included four predictors: maternal age, previous caesarean delivery, pregnancy-induced hypertension, and antepartum hemorrhage. The model had an AUC of 78.0% (95% CI 71.1-84.8), indicating good discrimination capacity. The model also exhibited good calibration and a low overoptimism coefficient, indicating minimal risk of overfitting. The risk prediction model has good clinical utility for discriminating multiparous women at risk of caesarean delivery. The tool can guide clinicians in estimating the risk of caesarean delivery among multiparous women that could lead to improved maternal and neonatal outcomes, ultimately enhancing the quality of care delivered in low-resource settings
Effects of home delivery on colostrum avoidance practices in North Wollo zone, an urban setting, Ethiopia: a cross sectional study
No full textAbstract Background Colostrum is the first liquid that is produced in the first few days after delivery. It is the perfect first food for newborns which is considered as an infant’s first immunization. Despite of this fact colostrum is discarded as unclean and bad for the infant’s health. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and the factors associated with colostrum avoidance in Woldia, Kobo and Lalibela town administrations of North Wollo zone. Methods A quantitative community based cross sectional study was employed in March 2015 on 810 mothers of children aged less than 24 months. Descriptive statistics, binary and multivariable logistic regression analysis were employed to identify the factors associated with colostrum avoidance. Variables with a p-value < 0.05 in the multivariable model were identified as predictors of colostrum avoidance practices. Results Colostrum was discarded by 12.0% (95%CI: 10.0–14.0%) of mothers of children aged less than 24 months. In multivariable logistic regression analysis late initiation of breastfeeding [AOR (95% CI) =2.03 (1.18, 3.49)], prelacteal feeding [AOR (95% CI) =3.38 (1.83, 6.24)], mothers not living with their husband [AOR (95% CI) = 2.24 (1.22, 4.12)] and delivering the index child at home [AOR (95% CI) =2.92 (1.521, 5.59)] were independent positive predictors of colostrum avoidance practices. Conclusion The foundation of any nutrition package for the prevention of childhood malnutrition is the promotion of an optimal breastfeeding practices, including colostrum feeding, in the community. Therefore, promoting institutional delivery, early initiation of breastfeeding and creating awareness on the dangers of prelacteal feeding and the advantages of colostrum feeding are recommended interventions to reduce colostrum avoidance practices in the study area
Performance Evaluation of Herbicide-Resistant Maize Hybrids under Striga Infestation
No full textAbstract: Striga hermonthica is the most widespread species affecting maize production and productivity in sub-Saharan Africa. Use of imidazolinone (imazapyr)-resistant (IR) maize genotypes is one of the few control options, which seem to be technically feasible and cost effective. A study was carried out to assess yield and agronomic performance of 21 herbicide-resistant maize hybrids introduced from CIMMYT for Striga control at Pawe, Ethiopia. Analysis of variance revealed significant genotypic difference for grain yield, days to anthesis, root lodging and ear aspect. Hybrids G8 and G7 were identified as promising varieties based on grain yield, ear aspect, and Striga emergence counts. The highest yielding IR maize hybrid (G8) outyielded the Striga-tolerant, commercial IR hybrid and local check by 89.4, 107.3 and 89%, respectively. The best IR hybrid in terms of grain yield (G8) had 81 and 64% less emerged Striga plants at compared with the Striga-tolerant check (G22) and local check (G25), respectively. Genotypic variance (s2G) estimates were larger than environment variance (s2 E) for grain yield, days to anthesis, root lodging and ear aspect. Very high heritability coupled with high genetic advance was observed for grain yield indicates the dominance of additive gene action in governing the trait which is fixable in subsequent generations. Grain yield showed significant and negative correlations with days to anthesis (rp = −0.69), root lodging (rp = −0.56), ear aspect (rp = −0.83) and plant aspect (rp=-0.79). A negative but not significant correlation coefficient between grain yield and Striga count was observed.
Keywords: Grain yield, Herbicide-resistant, Heritability, Imidazolinone-resistant, Maize, Striga hermonthica.
Title: Performance Evaluation of Herbicide-Resistant Maize Hybrids under Striga Infestation
Author: Nigus Belay
International Journal of Novel Research in Life Sciences
ISSN 2394-966X
Vol. 9, Issue 3, May 2022 - June 2022
Page No: 27-34
Novelty Journals
Website: www.noveltyjournals.com
Published date: 08-June-2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6624249
Paper Download Link (Source)
https://www.noveltyjournals.com/upload/paper/Performance%20Evaluation%20of%20Herbicide-08062022-4.pdfInternational Journal of Novel Research in Life Sciences (IJLSR), ISSN 2394-966X, Novelty Journals, Website: www.noveltyjournals.co
Knowledge on Intrapartum Danger Sign Influences Place of Delivery: The Case of Raya Kobo District, Northeastern Ethiopia
No full textBackground: A skilled birth attendance for every pregnant woman during childbirth is the most crucial intervention for improving maternal health. This study aimed to assess institutional delivery service utilization and associated factors among mothers who gave birth in the last 12 months in Raya Kobo district, Ethiopia.
Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was carried out in the Raya Kobo district of Amhara Regional State during March 2016. Logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the association between each independent variable and the outcome variable. Variables with a p-value <0.05 were considered significant.
Results: A total of 493 mothers were included in the study, with a response rate of 95.4%. The mean (+SD) age of the study participants was 29.13 (±6.93) years. About 73% of the study participants had attended at least one antenatal care follow up for their last pregnancy, and 56.6% (95% CI: 52.0, 61.0%) gave birth at health institutions. Travelling for 30 minutes and less [AOR=2.95(1.89, 4.58)], attending antenatal care [AOR=6.0(3.55, 10.13)], having knowledge about intrapartum danger signs [AOR=2.48(1.44, 4.24)] and getting information from health extension workers (HEWs) regarding maternal health services were positively associated.
Conclusion: The district health office should strengthen its effort to provide free ambulance accessibility and provide information on danger signs of intrapartum complications and the importance of using institutional delivery service to every mother who came to the antenatal clinic. Furthermore, the district health officials should focus on strengthening the capacity of HEWs in relation to maternal health services
A systematic review and meta-analysis of the globally reported International Classification of Diseases to Perinatal Mortality (ICD-PM)
No full textIntroductionAccurate recording and identification of perinatal mortality causes are crucial to reducing the global burden of perinatal mortality through targeted interventions. However, existing studies on the International Classifications of Diseases to Perinatal Mortality (ICD-PM) are limited by inconsistent results and variations by gestational age. Thus, this review aims to synthesize and document updated data on the causes of death using the ICD-PM classification.MethodsElectronic databases such as the PubMed via MEDLINE, SCOPUS, Web of Sciences, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and PROSPERO were searched to retrieve studies published from 2016 to February 2024. The Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to assess the quality of the included studies, and heterogeneity between the studies was assessed using I2 statistics. ICD-PM coded reported data were extracted to Microsoft Excel, and aggregate data of frequencies and percentages were reported.ResultsOut of the 23 included studies, 48,596 perinatal mortalities were reported, and approximately 96% (46,816 deaths) were classified according to the ICD-PM. The pooled rate of stillbirths in high-income countries was 23/1,000 births; in low-income countries, it was found to be approximately twice as in high-income countries. Regarding the category of deaths, 25,563 (54.6%) deaths were recorded in the antepartum period, and more than half, 14,887 (58.2%), were classified under unspecified causes (A6). Moreover, 6,148 (13.7%) and 14,835 (31.7%) deaths were coded with intrapartum and neonatal period causes, respectively. The leading causes of perinatal mortality during the intrapartum were acute intrapartum events (I3) 3,712 (57.8%). Furthermore, neonatal death was caused by low birth weight and prematurity (N9) 4,091 (27.6%), congenital malformations, and chromosomal abnormalities (N1) 2,512(16.9%).ConclusionCongenital malformations, and chromosomal abnormalities contribute to 1 in every 10 perinatal deaths and 1 in every 4 neonatal deaths. Other specified antepartum disorders are responsible for over half of antepartum deaths, while acute intrapartum events are the leading cause of intrapartum deaths, with a significant proportion remaining unexplained. Maternal complications related to the placenta, membranes, cord, labor, and delivery play a significant role in antepartum and intrapartum deaths. Targeted interventions and improved monitoring of high-risk pregnancies are crucial to reducing perinatal mortality rates. Further investigation is needed to enhance understanding and address unexplained perinatal deaths.Systematic review registration[https://clinicaltrials.gov/], identifier [CRD4202452549]
Development and validation of a risk prediction model for caesarean delivery among multiparous women
No full textAbstract While caesarean risk prediction models exist for nulliparous and high-risk pregnancies, there is a lack of models that predict the risk of caesarean delivery among multiparous women. This study aimed to develop and validate a risk prediction model for caesarean delivery and assess its clinical utility among multiparous women. Using data from 460 participants, a prediction model was developed to predict the risk of caesarean delivery. The model performance was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and calibration plot, and the model was internally validated using bootstrapping technique. A simplified risk score was calculated, and a nomogram was developed for the individual caesarean delivery risk guide. Additionally, a decision curve analysis was performed to assess the clinical utility of the model. The final model included four predictors: maternal age, previous caesarean delivery, pregnancy-induced hypertension, and antepartum hemorrhage. The model had an AUC of 78.0% (95% CI 71.1–84.8), indicating good discrimination capacity. The model also exhibited good calibration and a low overoptimism coefficient, indicating minimal risk of overfitting. The risk prediction model has good clinical utility for discriminating multiparous women at risk of caesarean delivery. The tool can guide clinicians in estimating the risk of caesarean delivery among multiparous women that could lead to improved maternal and neonatal outcomes, ultimately enhancing the quality of care delivered in low-resource settings
Factors associated with prelacteal feeding in North Eastern Ethiopia: A community based cross-sectional study
No full textDeterminants of psychoactive substances use among Woldia University students in Northeastern Ethiopia
No full textAbstract Background Psychoactive substance use has become a major public health problem among students in Ethiopian universities. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the magnitude and determinants of psychoactive substances use (khat chewing, alcohol drinking and cigarette smoking) among undergraduate students of Woldia University, Ethiopia. Methods Institution based quantitative cross-sectional study was employed on Woldia University students in April 2015. 730 students were included in the study. Data were collected using self-administered questionnaires. EpiData version 3.02 was used to enter data. Then, data were exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Results The lifetime prevalence of alcohol drinking, khat chewing and cigarette smoking among the study students were 33.1, 13 and 7.9%, respectively. Likewise, the current prevalence of alcohol drinking, khat chewing and cigarette smoking was 27.9, 10.4 and 6.4%, respectively. More than half of the surveyed students (59.1%) were introduced to psychoactive substance use by peer pressure. About 66% of the study participants believed that psychoactive substances are important for relaxation, and 19% to relief from stress. Students who were Muslims [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 3.74, 95% CI (1.57, 8.91)], Oromo ethnic group [AOR 2.63, 95% CI (1.19, 5.81)], ever drunk alcohol [AOR 6.32, 95% CI (2.96, 13.48)] and ever smoked cigarette [AOR: 9.16, 95% CI (4.33, 19.38)] were positively associated with khat chewing. Furthermore, pocket money and ever khat chewing were associated with alcohol drinking and cigarette smoking. Conclusion This study showed that psychoactive substances use is somewhat prevalent among students in Woldia University. Hence, support of religious institutions in providing education aimed at preventing substance use, establishing and strengthening peer educators in the university are important interventions to tackle psychoactive substances use
Determinants of psychoactive substances use among Woldia University students in Northeastern Ethiopia
No full text- …
