14,465 research outputs found
Mutiara hitam bersuara emas Bilal bin Rabah.
No full textBuku ini menceritakn tentang Bilal sorang budak yang ingin masuk islam dan bertemu dengan nabi Muhammad.48 hlm.: ilus.; 25 cm
Fate of adipocyte progenitors during adipogenesis in mice fed a high-fat diet
No full text富山大学博士（医学）Article富山大学・富医薬博甲第388号・MUHAMMAD BILAL・2022/03/23
公開論文
Muhammad Bilal, Allah Nawaz, Tomonobu Kado, Muhammad Rahil Aslam, Yoshiko Igarashi, Ayumi Nishimura, Yoshiyuki Watanabe, Takahide Kuwano, Jianhui Liu, Hiroyuki Miwa, Takumi Era, Koichi Ikuta, Johji Imura, Kunimasa Yagi, Takashi Nakagawa, Shiho Fujisaka, Kazuyuki Tobe,
Fate of adipocyte progenitors during adipogenesis in mice fed a high-fat diet,Molecular Metabolism,Volume 54,2021,101328,
ISSN 2212-8778,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101328
Pioneers of Library Movement in Pakistan
No full textThe paper aims to describe in brief the contribution of seven leaders of Pakistan librarianship, viz. K.B. Khalifa M. Asadullah, Prof. Dr. Abdul Moid, Dr. Abdus Subuh Qasimi, Muhammad Shafi, Fazal Elahi, Khawaja Nur Elahi and S. V. Hussain. The early library developments are given for better understanding of the role of these leaders
Hierarki Kebutuhan Bilal bin Rabah Dalam Kitab Rijalun Haula Ar-Rasul Karya Khalid Muhammad Khalid
No full textKarya sastra merupakan cerminan kehidupan manusia yang memuat nilai, emosi, dan pengalaman batin yang kompleks. Melalui tokoh-tokohnya, karya sastra tidak hanya menampilkan kisah, tetapi juga menggambarkan dimensi psikologis manusia yang menarik untuk dikaji. Salah satu karya yang merefleksikan nilai kemanusiaan dan spiritualitas ialah kisah Bilal bin Rabah dalam kitab Rijalun Haula ar-Rasul karya Khalid Muhammad Khalid. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis hierarki kebutuhan Bilal bin Rabah berdasarkan teori Hierarki Kebutuhan Abraham Maslow yang meliputi kebutuhan fisiologis, rasa aman, sosial, penghargaan, dan aktualisasi diri. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan psikologi sastra. Data diperoleh melalui pembacaan mendalam terhadap teks, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan teori Maslow untuk menafsirkan motivasi dan kebutuhan tokoh. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Bilal telah melalui lima tahap kebutuhan manusia. Ia bertahan hidup dalam penderitaan (kebutuhan fisiologis), memperoleh rasa aman setelah dimerdekakan oleh Abu Bakar (rasa aman), mendapat kasih sayang Rasulullah dan sahabat (sosial), memperoleh penghargaan sebagai muadzin pertama (penghargaan), dan mencapai puncak spiritualitas melalui keteguhan iman serta25Fakultas Adab dan Humaniora - UIN Sunan Ampel SurabayaSurabaya, 03 November 2025pengabdian kepada Allah (aktualisasi diri). Dengan demikian, kisah Bilal bin Rabah menggambarkan proses pemenuhan kebutuhan manusia menuju kesempurnaan spiritual, serta memberikan kontribusi bagi pengembangan kajian sastra Arab dalam perspektif psikologi humanistik. Kata kunci: Hierarki Kebutuhan, Bilal bin Rabah, Khalid Muhammad Khalid, Psikologi Sastra, Abraham Maslow
Design of Ad-Hoc Algorithms for Performance Optimization of High-Order Modulation Formats in Coherent Optical Transmission Systems
No full textCoherent optical detection has drawn a considerable interest in the past few years. This is mainly due to its high tolerance towards linear and non-linear fiber impairments and improved spectral efficiency, enabled by the use of polarization multiplexing (PM) and multilevel modulation formats. Using digital signal processing, coherent optical detection has made it possible to increase the spectral efficiency (SE) of optical systems well beyond the 1 b/s/Hz achievable in intensity modulated direct detection (IMDD) systems. Combined with polarization multiplexing (PM) and multilevel M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) formats, coherent optical detection is considered to be the best candidate for future high capacity 100 and 400 Gbps wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) systems. A critical part of coherent optical communication systems is the phase sensitive coherent receiver whose performance is limited by the phase noise that exists on the recovered data samples. Major source of phase noise is the finite linewidth of both transmitter (Tx) laser and receiver (Rx) local oscillator. Amplified Spontaneous Emission (ASE) creating nonlinear phase noise that interacts with the nonlinear Kerr effect, can also add in the phase noise of recovered data signal. This phase noise causes distortion and hence random rotation of the received constellation points. As a consequence, design of efficient carrier phase estimation (CPE) algorithms has become very important, especially while implementing high order modulation formats. This thesis presents several novel CPE algorithms for phase noise detection and compensation of high order QAM formats. Some algorithms make a phase estimation by increasing the number of symbols that took part in CPE while others use novel multistage architectures. The algorithms are based on a classic feed forward Viterbi&Viterbi (V&V) scheme. Performance of the algorithms in terms of complexity and linewidth times symbol duration product with other standard CPE algorithms is also given. It was observed that some of the proposed schemes give even better performance than the best available algorithms present in the literature. Also in optical communication systems frequency offset compensation (FOC) and carrier phase estimation (CPE) techniques require a prior knowledge of the modulation format but owing to the flexible transceivers, it is no longer guaranteed that the signals arriving at the receiver side would have the same, known in advance, modulation format (MF). The receiver thus needs to have some 'blind' or 'flexible' algorithms to adapt to these changes. Modulation format identification (MFI) is of high interest for the next generation fiber-optic networks as it could grant more autonomy and flexibility to the network. Elastic optical networks (EON) and cognitive optical networks (CON), with rate-adaptive transceivers supporting multiple modulation formats, have recently drawn a considerable interest as future optical networks. Although MFI for wireless systems has been thoroughly investigated, not much work has been done for the recognition/identification of modulation formats in fiber-optic networks. For MFI, a digital coherent receiver should be able to identify the MF of the incoming signals to ensure proper demodulation. Since FOC and CPE techniques require a prior knowledge of the modulation format, this makes blind MFI on-the-fly more difficult. As a consequence, we either need to develop FOC or CPE algorithms that are MF oblivious or develop some schemes that do MFI before entering the FOC or CPE blocks in the DSP receiver. This thesis also gives a simple and novel MFI scheme based on the evaluation of the peak-to-average-power ratio (PAPR) of the received data samples. To the best of our knowledge the proposed scheme is the simplest among all the schemes present in the literature. At a particular optical signal to noise ratio (OSNR) value, different modulation formats have distinct PAPR which can be used as defining parameter for their correct identification. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate successful identification of four commonly used modulation formats. Furthermore, the propose technique can also be extended to other lower or higher order formats. In order to practically generate these QPSK and QAM formats, the most commonly used modulator is the Dual Parallel Mach-Zender (DPMZ) modulator. DPMZ modulators are also used in a wide variety of radio-over-fiber (ROF) links. A stable biasing condition of these modulators is very important for high gain and low noise figure (NF) of these links. Being technologically mature and due to the fact that it has a linear Pockels effect, LiNBO3 is commonly used as a manufacturing material for MZ modulators. However, a change in temperature, radio-frequency (RF) heating or aging, can result in a drift of operating bias of LiNBO3 modulators. To cope with it, a close-loop control technique has to be developed that will follow this drift of the operating bias and will keep the DPMZ modulators under their optimal condition. This thesis also presents a close loop control technique for the automatic bias control of both the inner and outer MZ's of the DPMZ structure. This technique requires the generation of three separate low amplitude pilot tones at three different frequencies. These pilot tones are then clamped with the dc biasing voltage, at biasing ports of the MZ's. The pilot tones should have low amplitude so that they will not interfere with the RF signal data of the modulators. By carefully monitoring the beating between these tones, a close-loop control technique can be developed that will automatically monitor and follow the drift of the dc biasing voltage from its optimum and will enable the modulators to exhibit long term stability. In summary, this thesis makes important contributions by designing ad-hoc algorithms for performance optimization of high-order modulation formats in coherent optical transmission system
Analysing inequity in land use and transportation models by genetic algorithm for realistically quantified penetration rate of Advanced Driving System Equipped Vehicles
No full textThe continued evolutions in automated driving technologies and their rapid testing on common roads make it necessary to evaluate their impacts on land use and transportation models. It is crucial to quantify the number of advanced driving system-equipped vehicles that are going to be part of transportation networks. On the other hand, the intuitive property of these vehicles to create an induced demand can bring both positive and negative effects on the travel equilibrium costs that create inequity. To cater for the gap of realistic quantification of penetration rate and inequity evaluation on the inclusion of such vehicles; this research crafts a detailed and effective methodology. This research formulates a convex minimization problem as a lower-level part of the bi-level optimization model intending to minimize the travel equilibrium cost for all OD pairs. Also, acts as an assignment of demand to the network following the stochastic user equilibrium approach by using the Frank–Wolfe algorithm. Whereas, the upper level of the model maximizes the production of newly generated demand incorporating inequity constraints. A genetic algorithm is used to solve the multi-objective fitness function yielded from the bi-level optimization model by application of the model on a real transportation network of the city of Genoa, Italy
Muhammad Iqbal. Essays on the Reconstruction of Modern Muslim Thought, edited by Chad Hillier & Basit Bilal Koshul
No full textMuhammad Iqbal. Essays on the Reconstruction of Modern Muslim Thought, edited by Chad Hillier & Basit Bilal Koshul, Edinburgh University Press, 2015. Examines the ideas central to Muhammad Iqbal’s thought and life: religion, science, metaphysics and nationalism There are few moments in human history where the forces of religion, culture and politics converge to produce some of the most significant philosophical ideas in the world. India in the early 20th century saw one of these moments with..
Automatic bias control of Mach-Zehnder modulators for QPSK and QAM systems
No full textA close-loop control technique for automatic bias control of inner and outer Mach-Zehnder modulators in a dual parallel configuration is presented. The Mach-Zehnders are configured as dual parallel optical modulators. The technique is based on applying low amplitude pilot tones at three different direct current biasing ports of the modulators. By carefully monitoring the amplitude of the beating between these pilot tones, a close-loop control technique can be developed that will automatically monitor and follow the drift of the direct current biasing voltage from its optimum. Hence the technique will enable the modulators to exhibit long term stability for the quadrature phase shift keying or M-quadrature amplitude modulation system
Evaluation of macroscopic fundamental diagram characteristics for a quantified penetration rate of autonomous vehicles
No full textAbstract Background The availability of private vehicles with autonomous features is widespread nowadays. Various car manufacturers are providing attributes like collision warning, city automatic emergency braking, adaptive cruise control, pedestrian detection, lane-keeping assistance and lane departure warning, rear cross-traffic and blind-spot warning in their high-end models. Purpose Such features can automatically manage the macroscopic fundamental traffic parameters such as speed, headway, etc adaptively. Consequently leading to a heterogeneous traffic stream with diverse car-following behaviour comprising completely manual/traditional (TVs) and autonomous vehicles (AVs). This questions the applicability of classic traffic flow theory relationships on such heterogeneous traffic streams. Methodology This paper focuses on developing the macroscopic fundamental diagram for such heterogeneous traffic streams based on the quantified penetration rate (QPR) for autonomous vehicles. The penetration rate is devised by taking into account user demographics, land usage and road network properties. QPR is used as an input for heterogeneous urban traffic stream scenarios to calculate the aggregated urban traffic network dynamics of flow and density for the same network. Travel time versus flow characteristics is evaluated based on calibrated hyperbolic urban link travel time function for both interrupted and uninterrupted flows following the aggregated speed and density output from MFDs for heterogeneous traffic streams. Also, two scenarios are generated for comparison to explain the improvement in the network characteristics together with a sensitivity analysis. Results Compared to the base scenario there could be 25-35% of AVs on the road networks based on the analysis in coming fifteen years. This increment in usage impacts the capacity of road networks positively by increasing it up to 59%. Conclusions Results obtained after the application of the suggested model approach to the real network can be used to define a realistic method for multi-vehicle equilibrium assignment models for heterogeneous traffic streams including autonomous vehicles instead of approximating the penetration rates
Evaluating Impressions on Urban Transportation Networks via Seaport-Induced Traffic
No full textThe article's main objective is to analyse the impacts of the heavy goods vehicle traffic generated by the two seaport terminals of the city of Genova and provide a virtual traffic calming technique to ease the burden on the surrounding urban road network. Authors exhibit the impressions of the heavy good vehicular traffic induced by the port operation via a macroscopic simulation model developed in PTV Visum software. Then based on the observed traffic flows four critical road segments are identified in the network where the macroscopic fundamental parameters are analysed by increasing the heavy good vehicles traffic generating four different scenarios. Later an optimal virtual traffic-calming scheduling technique is proposed and implemented in the simulation environment revealing an impressive uplift in the traffic performance of the critical road segments
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