1,720,959 research outputs found
Links Between Work, Character, and Education. The Actuality of Erich Fromm’s Analytical Social Psychology
No full textAbstract
This article reveals the basic ideas of Erich Fromm’s analytical social psychology and shows links among work, character and education. Social changes may be better understood in the background of work evolution. Today the concept of waged work has been extended to unpaid activities. At the same time, the working life has been changed from a stable model to a flexible one. The work, its standards and social distribution, are also different now. Erich Fromm’s concept of ‘social character’ clarifies the changes and explains the consequences of the social changes. The relations to work are also different. During these changes - unemployment included - concepts of the unconditional basic income were studied. These concepts explain why it’s possible for people without waged work to participate in community life and consumption, without being excluded. The author presents the basic social changes that affected many different subpopulation and age groups.</jats:p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Erich Fromm und das Institut für Sozialforschung
No full textDie folgenden Ausführungen haben ihren Ausgangspunkt in der Frage, wie und
warum Fromm aus dem Institut für Sozialforschung (IfS) ausgeschieden ist. Vorweg lässt sich sagen, dass es sich um inhaltliche und persönliche Differenzen handelte, die sein Ausscheiden bedingt haben. Hatte zunächst Horkheimer in Fromm einen kompetenten Gesprächspartner in Fragen der Gesellschaftstheorie gefunden und dessen Ansatz einer sozialcharakterologisch begründeten "Analytischen Sozialpsychologie" unterstützt, so kehrte sich Horkheimer später von Fromms psychoanalytischem Ansatz ab. In diesem bei Horkheimer eingetretenen Wandlungsprozess spielte wohl Adorno eine maßgebliche Rolle. Fromm selbst schreibt: "I remember that Horkheimer was also on very friendly terms with Horney in the first years of his stay in New York, and did not then defend orthodox Freudianism. It was only later that he made this change and it is too personal a problem to speculate why he did so. I assume partly this had to do with the influence of Adorno, whom from the very beginning of his appearance in New York I criticized very sharply" (E. Fromm, 1971, S. 9). Fromm, der mit Horney wissenschaftlich und freundschaftlich verbunden war, konnte sich offenbar nicht länger der Zustimmung Horkheimers zu seiner Freud-Revision gewiss sein. Herbert Marcuse merkte zum Ausscheiden Fromms in einem Gespräch mit Jürgen Habermas an: "Der wirkliche Grund für Fromms Entfernung vom Institut war seine Entmannung der Freudschen Theorie, besonders die Revision des Freudschen Begriffs der Triebstruktur. Ob persönliche Dinge mitgespielt haben, darüber kann ich nur Vermutungen anstellen, ich weiß es nicht" (H. Marcuse, J. Habermas u. a., 1978, S. 13).In this contribution we are offered an analysis of Erich Fromm´s relation to the Institut für Sozialforschung. In his capacity as director of the Department of Social Psychology, Fromm played a leading role in the empirical investigatory work carried out at the Institute, apart from being Horkheimer´s principal interlocutor in questions connected with the psychoanalytic extension of Historical Materialism. Working within the framework of Horkheimer´s envisaged goal of an historicalphilosophical theory of the development of the contemporary era that was to draw on the various disciplines, Fromm made his own specific contribution that came to be known by the name of analytic social psychology. Fromm´s departure from the Institute marked the terminal point of a whole developmental pathway, and was prompted by differences on substantial points as well as by personal differences. In particular, it was Fromm´s revision of psychoanalysis that aroused Horkheimer and Adorno´s critical ire. To the extent that Adorno´s influence grew within the Institute, Fromm´s own suffered as a result. After Adorno´s appointment to full membership of the Institute in 1938, Fromm found himself increasingly reduced to a marginal position; and after a short while he accepted the consequences and left. Fromm´s departure from the Institute led to a lifelong rift between him and the other members of the Institute, the consequence being that Fromm´s contribution to the early versions of the Critical Theory - which he had made as head of the Department of Social Psychology and as director of research - was later deliberately passé sous silence.unknownunknow
Triebstruktur oder soziale Beziehungen : Anmerkungen zur Kulturismusdebatte
No full textDer sogenannte Kulturismus-Revisionismus-Streit bezeichnet eine Kontroverse,
die zwischen Erich Fromm und Herbert Marcuse Mitte der 50er Jahre in der Zeitschrift Dissent (Jg. 1955/1956) ausgetragen wurde. Gegenstand dieser Kontroverse war die Revision der Psychoanalyse, wie Fromm sie bereits vor seinem Ausscheiden aus dem Kreis um Horkheimer zu formulieren begonnen hatte. Die Kontroverse lässt sich als ein wichtiges psychoanalytisches und soziologisches Dokument bewerten, das über die Grenzen der Kritischen Theorie hinaus Relevanz beanspruchen kann. Seinen Ausgangspunkt findet der Streit in den frühen Arbeiten Fromms zur Sozialpsychologie, in denen bereits ein revidierter psychoanalytischer Standpunkt sichtbar wurde (E. Fromm, 1932a, GA I; 1935a, GA I; 1941a, GA I, S. 379- 392). Neben den eigentlichen Beiträgen zum Streit (H. Marcuse, 1955, 1956; E. Fromm, 1955b, GA VIII; E. Fromm, 1956b, GA VIII) sind weitere thematisch bedeutsame Dokumente mit Horkheimers und Adornos Beiträgen gegeben (M. Horkheimer, 1950; T. W. Adorno, 1972a, b, c; M. Horkheimer, T. W. Adorno, 1957), den Arbeiten von Jacoby (R. Jacoby, 1978) und Görlich u. a. (B. Görlich, A. Lorenzer, A. Schmidt, 1980) sowie zwei neueren Aufsätzen von John Rickert (J. Rickert, 1986) und Bernard Görlich (B. Görlich, 1988). Des weiteren existieren zwei nachgelassene Manuskripte Fromms aus den Jahren 1968/69, in denen er sich ausführlich mit der Position Marcuses auseinandersetzt. Diese sind mit anderen psychoanalytischen Schriften Fromms zu einem Band vereint, der posthum erschienen ist (E. Fromm, 1990). Was die Kritische Theorie betrifft, so ist die Auseinandersetzung zwischen Fromm und Marcuse eine späte Folge des institutsinternen Streits um die Bedeutung und Aufgabe der Psychoanalyse in einer Kritischen Theorie der Gesellschaft. Ende der 30er Jahre gab es einen bislang noch wenig beachteten "Bruch" in den theoretischen Bemühungen des Instituts für Sozialforschung, der personell an dem Ausscheiden Fromms und dem vollen Eintritt Adornos in den Mitarbeiterkreis Horkheimers festgemacht werden kann. Streitpunkt war das Verständnis der Psychoanalyse als kritische Sozialwissenschaft. Der Streit, der Mitte der 50er Jahre zwischen Herbert Marcuse und Erich Fromm ausgetragen wurde, reicht so in seinen Wurzeln bis auf die frühen 30er Jahre zurück, als Fromm im Institut für Sozialforschung arbeitete. Zur damaligen Zeit vertrat Fromm eine psychoanalytische Konzeption, die auch von Horkheimer unterstützt und geteilt wurde. Offenbar hatte Horkheimer eine Instituts- und Besetzungspolitik vertreten, die darauf abzielte, über die volle Mitgliedschaft und Mitarbeit Fromms das Programm des Instituts für Sozialforschung (vgl. M. Horkheimer, 1931) nicht zuletzt auch auf der Grundlage einer Verbindung von Marxismus und Psychoanalyse zu realisieren. Bis etwa 1936 hatte Horkheimer im wesentlichen Fromms psychoanalytische Position geteilt (vgl. M. Horkheimer, 1936, S. 224 ff.), wenn er etwa das Freudsche Konzept eines eigenständigen Todestriebes mit der historisierten Sichtweise der menschlichen Antriebe verwarf: "Der ewige Destruktionstrieb soll, wie der Teufel im Mittelalter, an allem Bösen schuld sein..." (ebd., S. 226). Mitte der 30er Jahre begann Fromm den Ansatz Freuds zu revidieren, insbesondere was das zugrundeliegende psychoanalytische Konzept (Triebstruktur, Libido, Todestrieb, Ödipuskomplex) anbelangt, und geriet damit zunehmend in Opposition zu den anderen Mitgliedern des Instituts. Die Unstimmigkeiten zwischen Horkheimer und Fromm führten, unter dem Einfluss Adornos, schließlich dazu, dass sich die Wege von Fromm und den anderen Institutsmitgliedern trennten.After his departure from the Institute, Erich Fromm pursued with renewed intensity his sociological revision of psychoanalysis that was to touch off the debate with Herbert Marcuse, his earlier colleague at the Institute, and which came to be known as the culturalism-revisionism controversy. The charge leveled at Fromm was that he had moved away from recognizing the drive structure as the key bearer of the resistance potential in the Critical Theory and had instead thrown the central focus onto social relationships, where it is the Ego as the mediating factor - rather than the Id - that is geared to alienated reality. But while it is true enough that Fromm did shift the emphasis away from the drive structure to social relationships, it should be added that he grouped these social relationships very much under the rubric of "the pathology of normality" and criticized them as bearing the stamp of the underlying economic order. This contribution examines the background to the controversy between Herbert Marcuse and Erich Fromm, and sets out the principal arguments advanced
by the contending parties. What emerges, interestingly enough, is that both protagonists never diverged as much in their respective positions as the noisy exchange of blows perhaps suggested. There is little to distinguish both camps in their common humanistic concern for the advancement of human happiness. Undoubtedly Marcuse and Fromm are at one in advancing a radical social critique:
but whereas the one critique is premised on the need to inculcate a drive structure capable of withstanding the forces of repressive socialization, the other seeks its inspiration in a critical anthropology that keeps alive the idea of a more humane society - even in the face of the negation of this idea.unknownunknow
The Lifestyle Discourse in Consumer Capitalism
No full textThis paper presents some dimensions of the lifestyle discourse which have become relevant in recent years in science and public. The discourse that had initially focused on the limits of growth increasingly showed the destructive consequences of the materialistic consumer way of life and discussed sustainable lifestyles. The commodification and infantilization of the consumers who are involved in the commodity structure of consumerist lifestyle have been criticized. For some time an increasing emphasis is found for problems that extend beyond one's own life. With increasing empathy the personal lifestyle is widely based on relationships and contexts outside the immediate sphere of life. Accordingly, a lifestyle of voluntary simplicity is propagated. The consistent postmaterialistic orientation, which means a renunciation of the consumer capitalism, is regarded as its central feature
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
- …
