323,042 research outputs found
Diffusive author(s), cohesive author: Analysis of S/N (1994)
No full textThis study indicates the ways in which various aspects of the author(s) are brought forth in Dumb type’s performance art, the S/N production. Previous research has suggested a non-hierarchical organization of Dumb type and the absence of a “privileged author” in Dumb type’s collaborative work, S/N. However, the results that I have investigated from member’s interviews on the creative process of S/N along with my analysis of the recorded images of S/N, indicate a different aspect of the author(s). First, S/N was created through, so to speak, the collective ideas of the members of Dumb type. Further, S/N has at least nine quotations from previous performances, installations, and printed writings, besides the work-in-progress technique. Explicating one of the “author functions” as given by Michel Foucault, each text has plural subjects of the author. However, it has been revealed from members’ interviews that Teiji Furuhashi had a decision-making role in selecting the members’ ideas within the performance. Since then, S/N has had plural subjects of creation; however, Furuhashi is one of the subjects of creation along with the “privileged author.” S/N has plural authors (diffusive authors) yet at the same time, it has a “privileged author,” Teiji Furuhashi (cohesive author)
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Decomposition and nanocrystallization in reactively sputtered amorphous Ta-Si-N thin films
No full textThe nanocrystallization process of reactively sputtered thin amorphous Ta-Si-N films is investigated by anomalous small angle x-ray scattering (ASAXS) and x-ray diffraction (XRD). Changes in the microstructure in Ta40Si14N46 films, density variations in the amorphous matrix, decomposition, formation, and growth of nanocrystals after vacuum anneals at different temperatures in the range between 800 and 1000 degreesC are observed and the results of the different techniques are compared. From a Fourier analysis of ASAXS intensities the nanostructure of the investigated ternary system is derived using a model of hard spheres according to Guinier and Fournet. ASAXS investigations indicate that the noncrystalline samples can be described by a monophase fit and the crystallized samples by a bimodal-phase fit, the latter results being consistent with XRD which identifies TaN and Ta5Si3 phases. Detailed analysis shows that TaN nanograins of approximately 2 nm size develop after a decomposition process. Larger grains of Ta5Si3 are observed in addition to the TaN grains if annealing is performed at temperatures higher than 950 degreesC. The aim of these investigations is to give a generally applicable explanation of the barrier failure mechanism for Ta-Si-N diffusion barriers, which is actually observed at temperatures below the crystallization temperature if the films are used in contact with Cu or Al. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics
Nanocrystallization of amorphous-Ta40Si14N46 diffusion barrier thin films
No full textThe nanocrystallization process in thin amorphous-Ta40Si14N46 films, annealed in the range between 800 and 1000 degreesC for 1 h, is investigated by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and high-angle annular dark-field and energy-dispersive x-ray analyses. At 800 degreesC clusters of about 2 nm in size indicate that compositional inhomogeneities have developed while the film has still remained structurally amorphous. The sample annealed at 900 degreesC contains a high density of nanograins of TaN measuring about 2 nm as well as amorphous structures measuring 75-100 nm having a high tantalum content. After annealing at 1000 degreesC, an almost entirely crystalline structure is observed with 4-nm-sized particles of cubic TaN and 15-nm-sized grains of Ta5Si3. Possible mechanisms driving these structural changes are discussed. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Design de conteúdos multimédia para cursos online
No full textDissertação de Mestrado em Design e Multimédia apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade de Coimbra.A presente tese pretende apresentar um estudo nas áreas do web-design e da usabilidade aplicadas ao ensino à distância. Este estudo veio mais tarde possibilitar a concretização de vários elementos relacionados com o estudo, tais como processos de design, programação web, desenvolvimento de módulos de ensino, entre outros.
A tese “Design de conteúdos multimédia para cursos online” tem as suas origens num projecto que se encontra a ser desenvolvido no Departamento de Engenharia Informática da Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade de Coimbra (DEI – FCTUC), em colaboração com a Faculdade de Engenharia do Porto (FEUP) e a Universidade Federal da Paraíba do Brasil (UFPB). O trabalho foi desenvolvido sob a orientação dos professores Alberto Cardoso (DEI - FCTUC) e João Bicker (DEI - FCTUC).
O projecto trata de uma plataforma informática de ensino à distância, que pretende abranger diferentes tipos e áreas de ensino. A componente mais forte desta plataforma é a possibilidade de participar em experiências, sejam estas locais (simuladas virtualmente) ou à distância (através de comunicações pela internet). Estas experiências podem recorrer ao uso de dispositivos hápticos e mundos tridimensionais, aumentando assim a imersão e tornando o processo de interacção mais realista.
A tese possui uma componente teórica que consiste no estudo de avaliação de usabilidade e na aplicação da mesma. São estudados também os vários suportes que existem actualmente no mundo do e-learning, bem como alguns exemplos desses suportes aplicados a casos concretos.
É ainda apresentada a aplicação do estudo num caso real, denominado FLOCK - Flexible Learning & Online Colaborative Knowledge, onde o design surge como um meio para um aumento na qualidade do ensino online.The present thesis aims to present a study, and posterior development, in the areas of web-design and usability applied to distance learning. The thesis “Design de conteúdos multimédia para cursos online” has it’s origins in a project that is being currently developed at Departament of Informatic Engineering of the University of Coimbra (DEI – FCTUC), in colaboration with the Faculty of Engineering of University of Porto (FEUP) and the Federal University of Paraíba of Brasil (UFPB). The work was developed under the supervision of the professors Alberto Cardoso (DEI - FCTUC) and João Bicker (DEI - FCTUC).
The project is an informatic platform for distance learning, which aims to cover different areas and types of education. The strongest component of this platform is the possibility of students to participate in online experiments that are either local (virtually simulated) or remote (via internet communications). These experiments may resort to using haptic devices and three dimensional worlds, thereby increasing immersion and making the interaction process more realistic.
The thesis has a theoretical component which is the study of usability evaluation and it’s implementation. Also,supports that currently exist in the world of e-learning were studied, as well as some examples of these supports applied to specific cases.
Lastly, it’s presented the implementation of a real case study called FLOCK - Flexible Learning & Collaborative Knowledge Online, where design comes as a mean to increase the quality of the online learning
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No full textCan archives of audiovisual TV interviews be used to make authors more visible to students, and thereby reduce the learning gap between native and non-native language speakers in college classes? We examined students in a college course who learned about one scholar's ideas through watching an audiovisual TV interview (i.e., visible author format) and about another scholar's ideas through reading a formal text description (i.e., invisible author format). For the invisible author, native language speakers scored significantly higher than the non-native language speakers on a corresponding exam question (i.e., a cognitive measure), generated more words on the exam question (i.e., a motivational measure), and mentioned the author's name more often in answering the exam question (i.e., an affective measure). For the visible author, the groups did not differ on any of these measures. These findings provide evidence for the idea that making the author visible through audiovisual TV interviews can eliminate the learning gap between native and non-native language speakers. 3 Universities around the world serve students who are non-native speakers of th
The vanishing author in computer-generated works: a critical analysis of recent Australian case law
No full textAbstract
The use of software is ubiquitous in the creation of many copyright works, yet the requirement in copyright law that every work have a human author who engages in independent intellectual effort means that its use may prevent copyright subsistence. Several recent Australian cases have refocused attention on authorship as an essential criterion of copyright subsistence, and these cases suggest that much computer-produced output may be authorless and thus lack copyright protection. This article, the first in a two-part series, analyses how each case deals with the question of authorship of computer-produced works and why the use of software diminishes copyright protection for a significant number of computer-generated works. The article critiques the application of conventional notions of human authorship developed in the pre-computer age to modern productions and suggests alternative approaches to authorship that satisfy both the major objectives of copyright policy and the need to adapt to the computer age. The article argues that, without a broader judicial approach to authorship of computer-generated works, Parliament must remedy the lacuna in protection for these ‘authorless’ works. Possible solutions for reform are suggested. In a forthcoming article, the author comprehensively examines those reform proposals
The construction of Karen Karnak: The multi-author-function
No full textThis thesis is situated within the comparatively recent developments of Web 2.0 and the emergence of interactive WikiMedia, and explores the mode of authorship within a Read/Write culture compared to that of a Read/Only tradition. The hypothesis of this study is that the role of the audience has become merged with the author, and as such, represents new functions and attributes, distinct from a more conventional concept of authorship, in which the roles of audience and author are more separate. Read/Write and participatory culture, as defined by this study, is focused on collaboration, and includes the influences of D.I.Y. culture, Open-Source practices and the production of text by multiple authors. Multi-authorship presents a re-thinking of several concepts which support the notion of the individual author, since the focus of multi-authorship is not on attribution and ownership of a finished text, but on the continued malleability of a text. Modes of multi-authorship, demonstrated in the use of the pseudonyms Alan Smithee and Karen Eliot, represent declarative authors whose names signify multiple origins, whilst concurrently indicating a distinct body of work. The function of these names form an important context to this study, since primary research involves the construction of an experimental mode of multi-authorship utilising WikiMedia technology and the interaction of thirty nine participants, who are invited to create a body of work under the collective pseudonym Karen Karnak. The data generated by this experiment is analysed using aspects of Michel Foucault's author-function to identify and determine power structures inherent in the WikiMedia context. The interplay of power structures, including concepts such as identity, ownership and the body of work, affect the resulting mode of authorship and contribute to the construction of Karen Karnak, suggesting further areas of research into the emerging multi-author
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