1,720,956 research outputs found
Vegetarian diet and oral health: a narrative review
No full textVegetarian diet is a type of diet based on the exclusion of all kind of meat and fish, that can be clas-sified into: vegetarian diet (no meat consumption), semivegetar-ian diet (occasional meat con-sumption), lacto-ovo-pesco-vege-tarian diet (fish consumption) and vegan diet (no animal products). Recently, this type of dietary regi-men has become popular among the eating habits of a part of the population in several countries around the world. The increase in the number of vegetarians and vegans is linked to a greater con-cern for their own health, as well as ethical, environmental and so-cial reasons. Many scientific evidences report that a plant-based diet exerts the greatest preventive effect on the risk of onset of chronic diseases such as diabetes, respects nutri-tional needs at different ages, and represents the one with the small-est ecological footprint. However, those who follow a vegetarian/ vegan diet often consume many refined and ultra-processed foods resulting in an increased likeli-hood of developing heart and metabolic diseases. Subjects who follow a plant-based diet appear to exhibit good oral health, correlating with an interest in prevention and treatment of conditions such as tooth decay and gingivitis. Some studies sug-gest a multifactorial etiology for so-called “white spot” lesions and erosions, for which dietary habits, such as plant-based diets, could play a significant etiologic role. In the context of a plant-based di-et, analysis of macronutrients and micronutrients is of paramount importance. Specifically, vegetari-ans/vegans tend to have higher intakes of vitamin C, which is im-portant in immune system de-fense processes and correlates with less severity of periodontal disease, vitamin A, which cor-relates with less periodontal dis-ease activity, and vitamin E; con-versely, a deficiency of omega-3, with less anti-inflammatory ac-tion in the acute stages of peri-odontal disease, calcium, vitamin D, and vitamin B may be ob-served. Malnutrition is a critical factor in oral mucosal health and proper functioning of the immune sys-tem. Micronutrient deficiency – including trace elements, vita-mins, and antioxidants – dysreg-ulates the host’s natural defense response by suppressing im-mune function. The same micro-nutrients also play an important role in regenerative processes against oxidative stress products in tissues. A statistically significant correla-tion is observed between squa-mous cell carcinoma develop-ment in the oral cavity and a non-vegetarian diet: a diet rich in fiber may be protective against tu-mor onset, as well as against the occurrence of leukoplakia, known to be a pre-cancerous lesion, and submucosal fibrosis. In patients with oral lichen planus, lower levels of nutrients such as calcium, vitamin D, vitamin B12, folic acid, and antioxidants such as vitamins C and E have been found; in addition, vitamin B12 deficiency has been linked to in-creased lesion severity and risk of dysplasia. A plant-based diet, if not properly planned, can induce deficiencies of the micronutrients described above: the vegan diet, even if well structured, can be included in the list of risk factors for hypovitamin-osis B12 and D
Palatal graft harvesting techniques: A narrative review
No full textOBJECTIVES According to the American Acade my of Periodontology, soft tissue grafting consists of harvesting soft tissue that is completely detached from the donor site and placed in a properly prepared recipient bed. The harvesting of soft tissue from the palate is a technique used in periodontics for over fifty years and still in continuous evolution. From free gingival grafting to bilaminar techniques with connective tissue only or free gingival grafts disepithelized extra-orally, several techniques have been proposed over the years, some of which are now part of today’s periodontal plastic surgery. These techniques are designed to increase periodontal soft tissue thickness, restore a proper keratinized tissue width, correct muco-gingival deformities, improve aesthetics, allow correction of peri-implant de hiscences, soft tissue augmenta tion and ridge preservation, in or der to limit post-extraction bone crest alteration in aesthetically rel evant areas. MATERIALS AND METHODS This narrative review considers the main techniques of soft tissue harvesting from the palate as described in the literature, from the trap-door proposed by Edel in 1974 to the free gingival graft disepithelialized extra-orally proposed by Zucchelli, through a series of single incision techniques introduced over the years. The examination of the grafting techniques is followed by the analysis of the donor area (lateral palate or maxillary tuber) in terms of tissue quality, composition and thickness, difficulties and complications of the surgery. Wound healing and post-operative discomfort are also explored, evaluating the main differences between techniques involving an epi thelial-connective graft and techniques involving only a connective graft. In particular, the use of donor site protectors, such as cyanoacrylate adhesives and PRF (Platelet-Rich Fibrin), is considered. Finally, possible complications are considered − from intra-operative and post-operative bleeding, treatable by compression with wet gauze and tranexamic acid − to less frequent complications such as flap laceration and donor site infection. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The most indicated technique seems to be the harvesting of an extra-orally disepithelized free gingival graft. This bilaminar technique, besides having shown the best clinical results, is also easier to perform, in a reduced operative time and with a lower risk of damaging vascular structures; moreover, the graft composition is richer in connective tissue, without contamination of adipose or glan dular tissue of lower quality. On the other hand, its harvesting technique implies second inten tion healing at the donor site, which may be less comfortable for the patient, but without increasing post-operative pain. In addition, the use of a donor site protection appears to further reduce possibile post-operative patient morbidity. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The use of an extra-orally disepithelized free gingival graft as part of a bilaminar technique can be considered the gold standard among the soft tissue augmentation techniques, possibly accompanied by the use of donor site protections
Porcine-derived acellular dermal collagen matrix and enamel matrix derivative for the treatment of infrabony defect in the esthetic area
No full textThis case report describes a modified connective tissue graft wall technique with enamel matrix derivative proposed to treat vertical bony defects. The surgical procedure consisted of a coronally advanced flap with a porcine-derived acellular dermal matrix placed below, acting as a buccal soft tissue wall of the bony defect. The patient showed a bony defect between #12 and #13 with horizontal bone loss and a deep infrabony component at the mesial area of the canine. At one year after surgery, the position of the interdental papilla and the clinical attachment level gain were improved along with radiographic bone defect fill
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
A Novel Muco-Gingival Approach for Immediate Implant Placement to Obtain Soft- and Hard-Tissue Augmentation
Get PDFThe aim of this article is to describe a novel approach combining muco-gingival, regenerative and prosthetics concepts for immediate implant insertion that overcomes the limits traditionally considered as contraindications for Type 1 flapless implant positioning, simultaneously obtaining soft- and hard-tissue augmentation. After pre-surgical CBCT evaluation, the surgical technique consisted in the execution of a lateral-approach coronally advanced envelope flap, with oblique submarginal interproximal incisions directed towards the flap’s center of rotation (the tooth to be extracted); after buccal-flap elevation, the atraumatic extraction of the tooth was performed. Following guided implant insertion, a mixture of biomaterial and autologous bone was placed, stabilized by a pericardium membrane and a connective-tissue graft sutured in the inner aspect of the buccal flap. The peri-implant soft tissues were conditioned with a provisional crown until the shape and position for the mucosal scallop to resemble the gingival margin of the adjacent corresponding tooth were obtained; then, the definitive screw-retained restoration was placed. Within the limitations of this case report, the proposed immediate implant placement approach combining CTG application and buccal bone regeneration showed the possibility of obtaining 1-year-follow-up implant success, stable bone level, good esthetic results and high patient satisfaction
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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