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Study of Lu Bi-Cheng
No full text博士《呂碧城研究》旨在論述清末民初著名女詞人呂碧城的生平及其文學成就，以及她在女學、佛學領域的具體作為和思想。
呂碧城生長在時代巨變不斷的晚清，出身書香家庭，受到良好的教育，加上因緣際會，讓她成為《大公報》第一位女編輯、第一所官辦大學的校長、知名度極高的作家。本論文前有緒論，後有結語，第二章探討呂碧城的生命歷程，依時間序將其傳奇的一生分期述評，探究其生命轉折的多重面相；第三章就其文學創作的類型：詞、詩、記遊散文的表現，析論內容和特色，並述時人對她的文學之評價；第四章針對她在近代婦女運動中的位置、言論、主張、興辦北洋女子公學的具體作為，並論及她和當時女界的互動情況，從中貫穿近代婦女運動在興學、傳播、革命等行動上的樣貌；第五章則析論她由摩登名媛轉變成近代佛教史上著名女居士的過程，以及她有關「戒殺護生」的主張，並論及她對淨土的追尋和質疑。
本論文在時間上從呂碧城的出生至其往生；在空間上從天津到歐美；在思想上涵括她在文學、女學、佛學上的層面，意圖呈現呂碧城較為全面的文學與思想。"The Study of Lu Bi-Cheng " explores the life and literary achievements of the famous Qing Dynasty female poet, Lu Bi-Cheng, and her thoughts and accomplishments around feminist study and Buddhism. Lu Bi-Cheng grew up in the ever changing late Qing era, born into a scholarly family and well educated, partnered with great life opportunities, she became the first female editor of "Ta Kung Pao", the first government-run university''s president, and a high profile writer. This thesis opens with an Introduction, and closes with a Summary. The second chapter dives into Lu Bi-Cheng''s life journeys, taking a look at her legendary life in chronological order, and investigating the life changing events and its effects. The third chapter discusses her literature forms: classical Chinese verse, poetry, and travel journals. Analyzing each of the form''s contents and uniqueness, and the reviews she received on her literature at the time. The fourth chapter focuses on her historical place, advocacy, and stance during modern feminism movements, including the founding of Beiyang Female Academy. Also discussed are her relationships with the feminist community at the time, using that as an anchor to provide insight into modern feminism movements in the areas of: female education advocacy, mass media, and revolution. The fifth chapter details out her transition from modern socialite to famous female scholar in recent Buddhism studies, her "pro-life" advocacy, and her quest and doubt for pure land.
This thesis covers from a timing perspective Lu Bi-Cheng''s birth till death; From a land perspective it covers Tianjin to Europe; From a thoughts perspective it covers her views on literature, feminist study, and Buddhism, with the goal to present a holistic view of Lu Bi-Cheng''s literature and thought.第一章 緒論 1
第一節 動機與目的 1
第二節 文獻探討 3
一、 呂碧城著作考述 3
二、 研究文獻 6
第三節 觀念與方法 13
第四節 章節說明 18
第二章 呂碧城的生命歷程 20
第一節 從出生到成長（1883-1904） 20
一、 出生宦家，家學淵源 20
二、 家庭變故，寄養舅家 21
第二節 京、津歲月（1904-1912） 23
一、 倡辦女學堂前後 23
二、 與嚴復相交 26
第三節 滬上風光（1912-1920；1922-1926） 29
一、 經濟獨立，手散千金 29
二、 開摩登風氣之先 31
第四節 歐美遊歷（1920-1922；1926-1933） 34
一、 踏上留學之路 34
二、 漫遊歐美，茹素護生 36
第五節 晚年香江（1935-1943） 37
一、 穿越戰火，來回珠崖 37
二、 含笑走完夢雨天華室 39
第三章 呂碧城的文學表現 42
第一節 時人對呂碧城詩文之評價 42
第二節 呂碧城詞之特色 46
一、 詞的內容特色 47
（一） 出色的才人詞 47
1. 豐富的抒情內容 48
2. 「秋詞」之作 53
3. 多樣的夢境意象 55
（二） 瑰奇的海外新詞 59
1. 別開生面的新題材 60
2. 故國思憶之作 62
3. 佛理護生的書寫 64
二、 詞的藝術特色 67
（一） 融典入詞的語言 67
（二） 採納眾家的柔麗風格 68
第三節 呂碧城詩的表現 70
一、 詩的內容表現 70
（一） 國族主義的寄寓 70
（二） 女性書寫的核心 74
（三） 題咏酬唱的展現 77
（四） 遊歷詩的描繪 80
二、 詩的藝術特色 83
第四節 呂碧城的記遊散文 85
一、 空間移動的特殊性 86
（一） 為國人之向導 86
（二） 「啞旅行」之嘗試 88
（三） 「觀看」與「被觀看」 90
二、 旅行寫作的藝術探討 92
（一） 文體特色 93
（二） 文章美學表現 95
第四章 呂碧城與近代婦女運動 98
第一節 近代婦女運動 98
第二節 關於「女學」的主張 105
一、 強國勢、立母教 106
二、 破舊綱與學界奴性 108
三、 尚武與教育 109
第三節 興女學的具體作為 111
一、 女學的辦法及內容 112
二、 組織女子教育會 115
三、 參與傳播領域 117
四、 宣揚留學 119
第四節 與當時女界的互動 121
一、 與女界名流的互動 121
（一） 秋瑾 121
（二） 康同璧 126
（三） 張默君 127
（四） 吳芝瑛 128
（五） 楊蔭楡 130
（六） 楊令茀 130
二、 與女界媒體的互動 131
（一） 《女子世界》 131
（二） 《中國新女界雜誌》 132
（三） 《中國女報》 134
第五節 文學中的女性觀點 135
第五章 呂碧城學佛的歷程及其佛教思想 140
第一節 佛學因緣 140
第二節 戒殺與護生的主張 143
一、 戒殺護生的核心思想 143
二、 戒殺蔬食運動的推展 145
三、 《歐美之光》的出版 150
第三節 對淨土的質疑 151
一、 與太虛、常惺法師、王小徐的問答 151
（一） 與王小徐居士的佛學問答 152
（二） 與常惺、太虛大師的佛學問答 154
二、 由質疑至深信 156
第四節 《觀無量壽佛經釋論》的造論及英譯佛典 160
一、 《觀無量壽佛經釋論》的造論立場和觀點 160
二、 淨土修行的實踐方法 164
三、 英譯佛典 165
第五節 文學中的佛教思想 168
一、 到人間只此回 170
（一） 「歷劫」思想 170
（二） 關於「色身」 171
（三） 「因果」與「輪迴」 172
二、 法曲獻佳音 174
第六章 結論 177
徵引及參考書目 182
附圖 197學號: 896010047, 學年度: 10
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
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are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
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Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
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Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
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use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
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Effects of Fruit and Flower Development and Hand Flower Thinning on Growth of Tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) O.Kuntze)
No full text本研究初步探討臺灣主要栽培品種‘臺茶12號’與‘青心烏龍’的生殖特性，及其對生長與產量之影響。 從標定秋梢小花至開花一共分為8個時期，Stage 1-4小花縱橫徑各小於5 mm和4 mm，此時小花生長緩慢，Stage 5-7小花進入快速生長期，經歷露白期，小花外觀由鮮綠漸漸轉白，內部雄蕊由透明轉黃色，於Stage 8開花，‘臺茶12號’與‘青心烏龍’小花生育曲線均呈現單S型，從現蕾至開花，‘臺茶12號’需102天，‘青心烏龍’需114天。調查兩品種果高、果寬與鮮重顯示果實均屬於單S型生長曲線，‘臺茶12號’成熟單籽果、雙籽果與三籽果鮮重分別為4.37 ± 1.7 g、6.27 ± 1.33 g、6.51 ± 0.71 g，‘青心烏龍’則分別為4.7 ± 0.8 g、7.0 ± 1.3 g、11.8 ± 0.6 g。 為了解提升容器大小及疏花處理是否能增進地上部及根部發育，將‘臺茶12號’一年生扦插苗分別種植於30及60 cm長的方形長盆，並分為100％人工疏花處理、50％人工疏花處理及對照組。結果顯示50％及100％人工疏花處理可促進根部生長，且容器大小與疏花處理於總根長和網外根重具有交感效應，種植於60 cm 長盆的扦插苗，透過疏花處理能夠提升網外根鮮重、網外根乾重、總根長及總乾重。 進一步探討田間疏花處理對茶菁產量、品質、性狀、營養含量及果實產量的影響，以‘臺茶12號’為材料並比較0% (CK)、25%、50%、75%、100%人工疏花處理與當年秋、冬及隔年春、夏採收之茶菁品質產量的關聯。於冬茶與隔年春茶具有較顯著的影響，50％人工疏花處理提高冬茶及春茶之茶菁重，將四季(秋、冬、春、夏)茶菁重合計後，50％人工疏花處理茶菁重達281.1 g/m2，對照組為195.9 g/m2，每公頃每年產量將增加0.85噸。冬茶透過25％與50％人工疏花處理，提升第二葉厚、第三葉寬和葉厚，春茶以75％與100％人工疏花處理，具有促進茶芽伸長現象。除了100％人工疏花處理使田間果實產量下降，每平方公尺可採收之果實鮮重為5.7 g，其餘各處理果實產量並無顯著減少，仍可採收到與對照組相同數量之果實。冬茶茶菁品質以100％人工疏花處理總分最高，水色較鮮亮，春茶以50％人工疏花處理香氣較濃郁。葉片營養分析方面，50％人工疏花處理提升秋茶氮含量與鉀含量、冬茶磷含量和夏茶磷含量。綜合以上結果，欲提升經濟效益較高冬茶與春茶茶菁產量、性狀及品質，以50％人工疏花處理較佳。This study is to explore Taiwan main cultivars ‘TEES No. 12’ and ‘Chin-Shin Oolong’ reproductive characteristics, and its effect on growth and yield. It is divided into eight stages from labeling to flowering. In stage 1-4, each length and width of flower is less than 5 mm and 4 mm. Flowers grow slowly in this period. In stage 5-7, flowers enter rapid growth period and petals turn to white. Color of stamens turn to yellow from transparent. In stage 8,flowers enter anthesis period. ‘TEES No. 12’ and ‘Chin-Shin Oolong’ flowers both appear single sigmoid growth curve. ‘TEES No. 12’ needs 102 days and ‘Chin-Shin Oolong’ needs 114 days from labeling to anthesis. Investigating fruit height, width and fresh weight of ‘TEES No. 12’ and ‘Chin-Shin Oolong’ that show fruits both belong to single sigmoid growth curve. Weight of ripe fruits with single seed, double seeds and triple seeds of ‘TEES No. 12’ and ‘Chin-Shin Oolong’ is 4.37 ± 1.7 g, 6.27 ± 1.33 g, 6.51 ± 0.71 g, and 4.7 ± 0.8 g,7.0 ± 1.3 g, 11.8 ± 0.6 g individually. In order to understand the effect of pot’s size and hand flower thinning treatment on top and root growth, planting ‘TEES No. 12’ annual cutting in 30 cm and 60 cm pot, and utilize 50％ hand flower thinning, 100％ hand flower thinning and control treatment. Results indicate that 50％ hand flower thinning and 100％ hand flower thinning can advance roots growing. Pot’s size treatment and hand flower thinning treatment have an interaction on total root length and root weight. Which planting in 60 cm plot cuttings, hand flower thinning treatment promote roots fresh weight, roots dry weight, total root length and total dry weight. Further investigating the effect of hand flower thinning treatment on tea yield, character, nutrient content and fruit yield. Using ‘TEES No. 12’ as material, and comparing the effect of 0％ hand flower thinning, 25％ hand flower thinning, 50％ hand flower thinning, 75％ hand flower thinning, and 100％ hand flower thinning on autumn tea, winter tea, spring tea, and summer tea. Using 50％ hand flower thinning treatment advances leaves’ weights of winter tea and spring tea. Summing four season yield, 50％ hand flower thinning treatment is 281.1 g/m2 ,and control is 195.9 g/m2. Yield will increase 0.85 ton every hectare and per year. Using 25％ and 50％ hand flower thinning treatment increase 2nd leaf thickness, 3rd leaf width, and 3rd leaf thickness. Using 75％ and 100％ hand flower thinning treatment promote bud elongation. Except 100％ hand flower thinning treatment, other treatments maintain fruit yield. 100％ hand flower thinning has the highest score in winter tea quality, which has relatively bright color. 50％ hand flower thinning on spring tea has rich fragrance. In nutritional analysis of leaves, using 50％ hand flower thinning increases nitrogen content of autumn tea, potassium content of autumn tea, phosphorus content of winter tea and phosphorus content of summer tea. Based on the above results, using 50％ hand flower thinning can promote tea yield, character, and quality
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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