1,725,280 research outputs found
Obesity, prediabetes and diabetes in adolescents and women: evidence-based interventions
No full textBook Series. Published in book Health and Nutrition in Adolescents and Young Women Preparing for the Next Generation (ISBN: 9783318026719)Around the world, the prevalence of obesity and diabetes represents a grave scenario as the occurrence of obesity in adolescents has tripled and in the general population has doubled in the past 30 years. This signals a global crisis as obesity and diabetes surface as a widely rampant form of health concern for individuals worldwide that needs to be immediately addressed. Evidence has shown higher chances of adverse pregnancy outcomes in women who are overweight/obese. Simple interventions such as diet, physical activity and strict glycemic control can reduce adiposity in young girls and women. The evidence for beneficial effect of physical activity on gestational diabetes is also more convincing as it reduces the risk by 53%. Physical activity and diet for maintaining normal weight in women have been shown to improve pregnancy outcomes. Similarly, dietary counseling and glycemic monitoring in women with prediabetes and diabetes are also beneficial. Given that weight is a modifiable risk factor, public health campaigns should direct their focus on young and adolescent girls to make them aware of the importance of healthy eating, physical activity and maintaining normal weight for their own well-being as well as for the problems they could face during pregnancy.Z. A. Bhutta, M. Makrides, A. M. Prentic
Counting stillbirths and achieving accountability: A global health priority.
No full textIn a Perspective, Zulfiqar Bhutta discusses the importance of regular and timely reporting on stillbirths
Optimizing prevention and community-based management of severe malnutrition in children
Get PDFZulfiqar A. Bhutta discusses prevention and treatment strategies for optimization of community-based management of severe acute malnutrition in childre
Double-clad structures and proximity coupling for diode-bar-pumped planar waveguide lasers
No full textWe report, for the first time, fabrication of double-clad planar waveguide structures and their use for multiwatt, diode-bar-pumped, planar waveguide lasers based on Nd3+ and Yb3+-doped YAG. The direct-bonded, five-layer structures of sapphire, YAG, and rare-earth-doped YAG have sufficient numerical aperture to capture the fast-axis divergence of a diode bar by proximity coupling with no intervening optics, leading to very simple and compact devices. The restriction of the doped region to the central core leads to diffraction-limited laser output in the guided direction. We also show that the direct-bonding fabrication process can lead to a linearly polarized output
Cholesteatom
No full textBhutta MF, Williamson IG, Sudhoff H. Cholesteatom. Praxis. 2011;100(20):1247-1250
Insights across stunting success cases
No full textDr. Zulfiqar A Bhutta, Emily Keats & Team POLICY SEMINAR Tackling child undernutrition at scale: Insights from national and subnational success cases Co-Organized by IFPRI and Exemplars in Global Health APR 1, 2021 - 09:30 AM TO 11:00 AM ED
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Novel rare-earth-doped planar waveguide lasers
No full textThe planar guided-wave geometry is compatible with a wide range of materials, waveguide architectures and fabrication techniques. This thesis reports a series of studies of rare-earth-doped planar waveguide lasers, exploiting and extending the diverse range of possibilities that can be applied to planar technology. The areas investigated include the characterisation of guided-wave lasers produced by novel fabrication techniques, the design and implementation of new channel and planar waveguide structures and the demonstration of compact diode-bar pumped planar waveguide lasers. Laser operation of buried planar waveguides fabricated by a novel solid-state ion-exchange technique based on direct bonding is reported. The fabrication process allows buried waveguide structures to be fabricated by a single-step process, and the resulting guides are shown to have optical losses of < 0.4 dB/cm. Direct UV writing is utilised to fabricate multiple channel sources on this buried platform, and absorbed pump power thresholds as low as 3 mW are demonstrated. These structures offer a new and versatile route to the large-scale production of low-loss components for glass integrated-optics. Lanthanum fluoride thin-films fabricated by molecular beam epitaxy are investigated. The first laser action from a dielectric waveguide fabricated by molecular beam epitaxy is demonstrated using Nd-doped LaF3 thin films grown on CaF2 substrates. Channel waveguide lasers are designed and fabricated on these thin films by two techniques; ion-beam etching and a novel technique that employs a photo-definable polymer. These structures have a maximum phonon-energy of 380 cm-1, which constitutes the lowest phonon energy dielectric to show laser waveguide emission to date, offering the potential for developing compact mid-infrared sources based on this technology. The use of planar waveguides for very compact high-power sources is considered. Proximity coupling - the direct coupling of the diode-bar pump radiation is demonstrated for the first time and is used to realise a very compact and rugged laser system. Double-clad planar waveguide structures are utilised for spatial mode-control in the guided axis of the waveguide. To be compatible with planar fabrication techniques, and also due to the desire to retain a compact system, a double-clad design with large multimode core region is used. The theory of fundamental mode selection through confined doping for such structures is developed. This theory is applied to design the first double-clad planar waveguide and diffraction-limited performance in the guided axis is demonstrated from an Yb3+ doped device
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