1,720,978 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Adaptive Intuitions in Complex Media Environments Shape Belief in Misinformation
No full textBelief in misinformation has been linked in part to digital media environments promoting reliance on intuition -- which in turn has been shown to increase belief in falsehoods. Here, I propose that this apparently irrational behavior may actually result from ecologically rational adaptations to complex environments. In a large survey experiment, I test whether intuitive belief in misinformation may result from these rational adaptations by randomizing participants to be shown either a largely true or largely false news feed. I show that individuals make more frequent and quicker errors on the less common headline type, and less frequent errors on the more common headline type. After seeing many true headlines, a participant is more likely to misidentify a subsequent false headline as true, and vice versa after seeing many false headlines. This pattern is consistent with adaptation to the proportion of true and false content (the veracity base rate). I use computational modeling to show that these differences are driven by intuitions, which correspond to Bayesian priors, about the veracity of the content -- intuitions which then spill over into new environments. The results, when paired with the observation that the news consumed by most Americans is overwhelmingly true, suggest that belief in misinformation and the intuitions that underlie it are not necessarily a failing of humans in digital environments but can be a byproduct of rational adaptations to them.S.M
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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How Culture Drove Us Into the Cognitive Niche
Get PDFHow have humans become such outliers in our behavioral flexibility and our rapid learning? How have our brains evolved to learn and reason in evolutionarily novel domains, such as mathematics and number systems, laws and mores, or science and medicine? In this dissertation, combining work in cognitive science and cultural evolution, I seek to answer such questions by building informational-ecological models that show how minds that perform different computational strategies fare under different conditions. In the first chapter, I show, using a simple and general model, that any species that is heavily dependent on social learning to acquire much of its adaptive behavior would evolve to make increasingly accurate generalizations. This in turn demands greater mental capacity to learn abstract concepts and world-models. This model ties the evolution of our brains directly to the fact that our babies can expect to be born into a world where they can learn from other skilled individuals. However, our nature as a cultural species has done more than just making available skilled models to learn from. Culture can shape our informational environments (i.e. informational niche construction) in other ways as well. In chapter two of my dissertation, I show how differences between cultural populations in communication styles, or in how knowledge flows across a population, can alter how information is sampled, in such a way as to explain computationally why different cultural groups develop Analytic or Holistic thought--a major distinction made by cross-cultural psychologists. In the third chapter, I extend this informational-ecological perspective to the physical world of tools and dwellings, and the social world of norms, institutions and organizations, to show how the phenomenon of standardization in cultural products is yet another form of informational-niche construction, with far-reaching consequences that explain a wide range of cross-cultural findings in cognitive psychology, sociology, anthropology and political science. One source of increasing standardization in a cultural system is increased population mobility, and on my final chapter, I present archaeogenetic work showing how an ancient episode of increased mobility has led to the development of just such a standardized suite of bronze weaponry that took on ritual, political and economic significance across Northern Eurasian societies in the Bronze Age.Human Evolutionary Biolog
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Order effects in choice are selectively modulated by cognitive load
Get PDFThe order in which options are presented influences choice in ways that parallel primacy and recency effects in memory, but the depth of this connection remains underexplored. I present sequences of art to experimental participants who select their favorite pieces, and find evidence that cognitive load can selectively weaken choice primacy or recency depending on its timing, analogous to established findings in memory research. The data suggests that primacy is reduced by an externally-imposed distractor task in between each option or by natural fatigue, while recency is reduced by an extra delay containing a distractor after the last option is presented. Thus, order effects in choice may be predictably modulated by the targeted disruption of processing
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