1,720,973 research outputs found
Optical Interferometry
No full textOptical interferometry has always been at the heart of interdisciplinary applications. For decades the subject has expanded from fundamental physics and astronomy projects to engineering and telecommunications studies. With the most recent technologies available, along with an extremely well-connected community ready to employ them, the application domain has advanced into other, less explored areas of research. The aim of this book is to review recent developments in OI techniques and aid readers in their exploration of different aspects of the subject. The focus of the novel reports presented in this volume ranges from traditional topics to newer applications, such as those related to biology and clinical procedures. Although this collection of articles is by no means exhaustive, efforts have been made to provide examples and discussions from as many different areas of this wide-ranging subject as possible
Interferometry for Online/In-Process Surface Inspection
No full textInterferometers are normally operated in environment-controlled optical laboratories because vibrations will induce errors in measurement results. In order to extend the application of interferometry to shop floor inspection, two methods are adapted: one method is to introduce a reference interferometer and vibration compensation system to the main interferometer, to compensate for the environmental disturbance; and the other method is to realize the data sample in just one image shot. Each method has its own applications. With the advances of these technologies, the use of interferometry as a highly accurate and fast measurement method will become more common in shop floor measurements and inspections.
Keywords: online/in-process measurement, surface measurement, environmental disturbance, vibration compensation, reference interferometer, common pat
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
EVALUATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF TRANSDERMAL THERAPEUTIC SYSTEMS: AN EXHAUSTIVE PICTORIAL AND FIGURATIVE REVIEW
Get PDFDesigning and development of transdermal patches can be described as state of the art. The development of Transdermal drug delivery system is multidisciplinary activity that encompasses fundamental feasibility studies starting from the selection of drug molecule to the demonstration of sufficient drug flux in an ex vivo and in vivo model followed by fabrication of a drug delivery system that meets all the stringent needs that are specific to the drug molecule (physicochemical and stability factors), the patient (comfort and cosmetic appeal), the manufacturer (scale up and manufacturability) and most important the economy. The assessment of the performance of transdermal therapeutic devices designed for controlled drug release may result in a complex analytical issue and multidisciplinary studies focused on the evaluation of physicochemical, morphological and textural properties of the products may be required. This paper presents a review of transdermally applied formulations with emphasis on the evaluation of patches in a wide variety of evaluation parameters such as Physico-chemical evaluation, Adhesive evaluation, Skin irritation test, In-vitro, Ex-vivo, In-vivo techniques using animal models and human skin and Accelerated stability studies.Keywords: Transdermal patches, Physico-chemical evaluation, Adhesive evaluation, Skin irritation test, In-vitro, Ex-vivo and In-vivo techniques, Accelerated stability studies.Â
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Time Resolved Spectroscopy in InAs and InSb based Narrow-Gap Semiconductors
No full textAs the switching rates in electronic and optoelectronic devices are pushed to even higher frequencies, it is crucial to probe carrier dynamics in semiconductors on femtosecond timescales. Time resolved spectroscopy is an excellent tool to probe the relaxation dynamics of photoexcited carriers; where after the initial photoexcitation, the nonequilibrium population of electrons and holes relax by a series of scattering processes including carrier-carrier and carrier-phonon scattering. Probing carrier and spin relaxation dynamics in InAs and InSb based narrow-gap semiconductors is crucial to understand the different scattering mechanisms related to the systems. Similar studies in InSb quantum wells are also intriguing, especially for their scientifically unique features (such as small effective mass, large g-factor etc). Our time resolved techniques demonstrated tunability of carrier and spin dynamics which might be important for charge and spin based devices. The samples studied in this work were provided by the groups of Prof. Wessels (Northwestern University) and Prof. Santos (University of Oklahoma). Theoretical calculations were performed by the group of Prof. Stanton (University of Florida). The THz measurements were performed at Wright State University in collaboration with Prof. Jason Deibel. This work has been supported by the National Science Foundation through grants Career Award DMR-0846834, AFOSR Young Investigator Program 06NE231. A portion of this work was performed at the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (in collaboration with Dr. Stephen McGill), which is supported by National Science Foundation Cooperative Agreement No. DMR-0654118, the State of Florida, and the U.S. Department of Energy.Ph. D
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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