1,721,244 research outputs found
Non-pharmaceutical interventions:evaluating challenges and priorities for future health shocks
No full textNon-pharmaceutical interventions implemented during health shocks such as the covid-19 pandemic require rapid, robust, and rigorous evaluation that can generate timely evidence to guide government policy and maintain public confidence, say Azeem Majeed and colleaguesThe covid-19 pandemic has been among the most challenging global health crises since the second world war.1 Alongside the high rates of infection, hospital admission, and mortality, covid-19 had significant effects on mental and physical health, long term complications, delayed diagnoses for other conditions, direct and indirect social and economic costs (for example, children’s education
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Replication Data for: Using Hawkes Processes to model imported and local malaria cases in near-elimination settings
No full textThis data set includes fits and simulations to recreate the figures in the paper "Using Hawkes Processes to model imported and local malaria cases in near-elimination settings". The two original data sources have been published previously: China - Routledge I, Lai S, Battle KE, Ghani AC, Gomez-Rodriguez M, Gustafson KB, et al. Tracking progress towards malaria elimination in China: Individual-level estimates of transmission and its spatiotemporal variation using a diffusion network approach. PLOS Computational Biology. 2020;16(3):1–20. doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007707. Eswatini - Reiner Jr RC, Menach AL, Kunene S, Ntshalintshali N, Hsiang MS, Perkins TA, et al. Mapping residual transmission for malaria elimination. elife. 2015; doi:10.7554/eLife.09520. Simulated data: The 10,000 simulations used for Fig 2 are the Eswatini simulations and we include the fits to our partial simulations used in Fig 3. Case studies: For our two case studies we include our Hawkes model fits (Fig 4) with an exponential and a Rayleigh kernel and our growth model fits. We also include our 10,000 simulations of each dataset used in Figs 5 and 6. </span
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Mathematical and statistical methods in epidemiology
Full text linkEpidemiology is underpinned by mathematical and statistical models which are used to answer key questions about the origin, spread, and control of diseases. With the rapidly increasing availability of data and computational resources, coupled with the vast number of deterministic and stochastic factors affecting the trajectory of epidemics, the complexity of these models continues to grow.
Many questions can be answered, at least in part, with these models by applying simple methods. For example, the variance of an epidemic under stochastic models can be estimated by running such a model many times. However, rigorous mathematical derivations allow these answers to be calculated more accurately, computed more efficiently, and, ultimately, understood in a deeper way.
This thesis seeks to provide mathematical insight into three key areas in epidemiology. First, the development of new methods for solving phylogenetic optimisation problems allows modern machine-learning and Bayesian techniques to be used to more accurately estimate the true evolutionary history of disease pathogens, as well as providing an explanation for the effectiveness of minimum evolution methods. Second, it considers the aleatoric uncertainty of epidemics, deriving explicit equations for the variance of an epidemic under a Crump-Mode-Jagers model. Finally, it considers the problem of optimal vaccination, deriving constraints and asymptotic limits on the optimal vaccination policy under a multi-group Susceptible-Infected-Recovered (SIR) model
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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