87 research outputs found
Are You Paid Fairly for Hitting a Home Run? Performance Based Exploitation of MLB Players from 2000-2015
No full textThe rising price tag of player salaries amidst the 2021 Collective Bargaining Agreement between Major League Baseball and the MLB Players Association has reinvigorated the public discussion surrounding salary and contract negotiations within the sport, bringing issues such as exploitation and commensurate pay for player performance to the forefront. In an expansion upon previous research, this paper seeks to determine if players are still being underpaid in regards to the value that they provide to their organization through performance. It will do so by examining player and team data using a new sabermetric called wins-above-replacement for the years 2000 through 2015. In addition, this paper will look at variables that could affect the amount of exploitation in addition to player performance, such as race, contract length. Players’ marginal revenue products are estimated by analyzing the effect of performance on revenue, and then players' return to performance is calculated through a regression on salaries on marginal revenue products. The results from the models show convincing evidence that players are not being paid equal to the value they are providing their organization through performance. In addition, players who have short-term contracts and non-white players are paid more equal to their performance compared to those with long-term contracts and white players. While non-white players are paid more for performing better, estimation of salaries for white and non-white players led to results in favor of small wage discrimination against non-white players
MLB Team Relocation to Charlotte, NC- A Marketing Proposal
No full textabstract: Entering into my final year of W. P. Carey, I decided I wanted my thesis to combine what I've learned over the course of my undergraduate Marketing degree with my passion for baseball. Furthermore, I wanted my thesis to contain both a research element and creative application. I felt the best way to achieve the integration of these goals was to research and then select an MLB team to relocate to a more attractive American market. After performing research to determine an ideal team and city for relocation, I created a comprehensive marketing strategy to best cater this team for its new market. The first half of my thesis focuses entirely on the research required to select an optimal team and attractive market for relocation. I begin my thesis by performing an external analysis of the current MLB landscape. To elaborate, I gathered W-L records and fan attendance records for all 30 MLB teams between 2000 and 2016. I also collected the most recent team revenues and valuations before putting all of this data in Excel to create visual graphs. Using this data, I determine a list of the top 4 most attractive teams for relocation based on consistently poor performance in the metrics I collected data on. After selecting the Tampa Bay Rays as the ideal team to relocate, I then dive deeper into the organization through an internal analysis. Then, I focus on performing an external analysis of the most attractive markets for relocation before ultimately selecting Charlotte, NC as the best city. My research ends with a comprehensive external analysis of the Charlotte, NC market to help in creating a brand that caters to the makeup and culture of the distinct city. My analysis of Charlotte focuses on the city's demographics, population growth, local economy, political environment and trends that could impact target market segments. After performing extensive research on identifying the best team and city for a relocation, I switch gears to developing a comprehensive marketing strategy to best help the team achieve success in its new market. This begins with creating a unifying segmentation, targeting, and positioning strategy to outline the direction the team will take. These strategies place tremendous emphasis on the need for the Charlotte team to create an "irresistible cultural experience" that expands the traditional MLB mold to attract young Millennial fans to games that normally wouldn't be interested in attending games. Next, I begin by developing key elements of the brand including the team name, logos, uniforms, sponsors, and stadium. With the stadium, I even go as far as determining an ideal location along with unique features, such as lawn seating and even local vendors that have appeared on Food Network to add to the cultural experience of the brand. Then, I focus on a unifying initial marketing campaign through TV/print ads, radio ads, social media, and public relations to help the team seamlessly transition into its new home. My thesis ends with recommendations for future steps to take to ensure the relocated organization achieves lasting success in its new city
Major League Baseball & Drug Testing: A Legal Critique of the Current Policy and a Look at the Future of Drug Testing in the MLB
Get PDF(2 Willamette Sports L.J., no. 1, 2005).
This article traces the history of drug testing in major league baseball (MLB) from 1983 to 2004. It focuses on the Joint Drug Prevention and Treatment Program incorporated into the MLB collective bargaining agreement covering 2002-2006. The article identifies vagueness and a lack of enforcement as flaws in this program, resulting in a lack of deterrence. The use of a drug program as a bargaining tool between the players’ union and the owners also leads to ineffective policies. The author calls for stricter enforcement and harsher penalties
Incorporating spatiotemporal machine learning into MLB and the NFL
No full textThesis: S.M. in Engineering and Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, System Design and Management Program, Engineering and Management Program, 2016.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.Includes bibliographical references (pages 53-54).Rich data sets exist in Major League Baseball (MLB) and the National Football League (NFL) that track players and equipment (i.e. the ball) in space and time. Using machine learning and other analytical techniques, this research explores the various data sets in each sport, providing advanced insights for team decision makers. Additionally, a framework will be presented on how the results can impact organizational decision-making. Qualitative research methods (e.g. interviews with front office personnel) are used to provide the analysis with both context and breadth; whereas various quantitative analyses supply depth to the research. For example, the reader will be exposed to mathematical/computer science terms such as Kohonen Networks and Voronoi Tessellations. However, they are presented with great care to simplify the concepts, allowing an understanding for most readers. As this research is jointly supported by the engineering and management schools, certain topics are kept at a higher level for readability. For any questions, contact the author for further discussion. Part I will address the distinction between performance and production, followed briefly by a decomposition of a typical MLB organizational structure, and finally display how the results of this analyses can directly impact areas such as player evaluation, advance scouting, and in-game strategy. Part II will similarly present how machine learning analyses can impact opponent scouting and personnel evaluation in the NFL.by Jeremy H. Hochstedler.S.M. in Engineering and Managemen
MLB Marketing and Positioning Tactics in Southern California: The Angels and Their Rivalry with the Dodgers
No full textabstract: The history of baseball in California extends back, long before the first MLB teams relocated to the West Coast. Beginning in the mid-1850s as a result of the large population influx that occurred because of the California Gold Rush, baseball served as a popular form of entertainment in the Golden State for nearly a century before the MLB's westward expansion, starting out as an amateur form of recreation, yet evolving to ultimately become a professional sport, led by the Pacific Coast League (PCL), an organization that fulfilled the same role as the MLB in the Eastern United States. The PCL enjoyed several decades of prosperity, with teams located throughout California and in Washington. One of the league's more successful teams was the Los Angeles Angels. In existence since 1903, the Angels became one of the more popular teams within the PCL and were regularly contenders to win the pennant. In 1956, after multiple attempts to have the city build a new stadium for his team, Walter O'Malley, president of the Brooklyn Dodgers began considering the possibility of relocating the team to a new state. After a series of negotiations, the Dodgers moved to Los Angeles where they began the 1958 season, while the New York Giants relocated to San Francisco. This move ultimately proved to be the downfall of the PCL, which was unable to compete with the new MLB teams. The various ball clubs that made up the PCL soon moved to other states east of California and the league was demoted to AAA status. In the following years, the success brought on by the Dodgers' move to the West Coast became evident and the American League soon decided to create a new franchise in Los Angeles. A name that would harken back to the glory years of the PCL was chosen and the new team was designated the "Los Angeles Angels." Throughout the Angels' history, they have attempted to compete directly with the Dodgers and establish their own fan base, however due to the difficulty in standing out when located so close to the wildly popular Dodgers, the team was unable to establish a successful and unique team identity for the majority of its history. To evaluate the effectiveness of the different changes the Angels have made over time, a study was conducted to evaluate perceptions between the two teams. The findings indicated a preference towards the Angels among participants from the United States, especially those familiar with the MLB and its structure. In contrast, the Dodgers proved to be more popular among participants who were originally from other countries. People who preferred the Angels also appeared to be more competitive than those who indicated a preference for the Dodgers. From these results it appears that the Angels have been successful in their quest to rival the Dodgers and establish their own substantial fan base. However it also seems that the Dodgers may have more international fans, as well as a large number of fans from the United States who tend to be more casual
Cloud computing and prospective business and economic impacts in developing country: A case study of Thailand
Get PDFThe cloud computing model is a modern concept of computation that provides a number of benefits for its adopters. This online computing model has been widely used in the western world and accepted to have some business and economic impacts. This paper provides some basic knowledge about cloud computing along with its economic benefits. The author proposes that there is an endogenous relationship between the cloud computing and each of the business and economic variables, namely output, employment, and labour productivity. In order to forecast the impacts of the cloud computing adoption, the Vector Autoregressive (VAR) model is constructed. Thailand is selected as ground for investigation. Apart from the bi-directional causality, the results also show prospective positive impacts of the cloud computing adoption on the growth of output, employment, and labour productivity. Despite the macroeconomic benefits, some policy implications include the encouragement of the cloud computing adoption in universities and banks in order to realise the benefit of scalability and efficient usage of computing resources. --Cloud computing,Macroeconomic indicators,Forecast,Thailand
Finding Major League Value: A Study of the 2004-2008 MLB Amateur Drafts
No full textabstract: The ability to draft and develop productive Major League players is vital to the success of any MLB organization. A core of cost-controlled, productive players is as important as ever with free agent salaries continuing to rise dramatically. In a sport where mere percentage points separate winners from losers at the end of a long season, any slight advantage in identifying talent is valuable. This study examines the 2004-2008 MLB Amateur Drafts in order to analyze whether certain types of prospects are more valuable selections than others. If organizations can better identify which draft prospects will more likely contribute at the Major League level in the future, they can more optimally spend their allotted signing bonus pool in order to acquire as much potential production as possible through the draft. Based on the data examined, during these five drafts high school prospects provided higher value than college prospects. While college players reached the Majors at a higher rate, high school players produced greater value in their first six seasons of service time. In the all-important first round of the draft, where signing bonuses are at their largest, college players proved the more valuable selection. When players were separated by position, position players held greater expected value than pitchers, with corner infielders leading the way as the position group with the highest expected value. College players were found to provide better value than high school players at defensively demanding positions such as catcher and middle infield, while high school players were more valuable among outfielders and pitchers
Stealing Home in Hollywood: Why the Takeover of the Los Angeles Dodgers Illustrates the Unjust Nature of Major League Baseball\u27s Antitrust Exemption
Get PDFThe article discusses Major League Baseball\u27s (MLB) takeover of the Los Angeles Dodgers baseball team from owner Frank McCourt following his divorce from his wife Jamie, as well as MLB\u27s alleged unjust antitrust exemption as of September 2012. The author argues that McCourt could have challenged the anti-competitive takeover practices of MLB and its commissioner Bud Selig since McCourt\u27s attempt to broker a television deal with Fox Sports did not break any of MLB\u27s rules
Payroll, Performance, and Attendance: A Dozen Years of Correlations in the NBA & MLB
No full textabstract: Every professional sports organization relies on three pillars: money, fan engagement, and team performance. Within these pillars lie several subcategories, encompassing the entirety of an organization. Ideal sports organizations maintain a balance between these subcategories, not allowing one factor to heavily influence the others. Using data from 2008-2019, any relationships displayed between performance, attendance, and payroll by each team in the NBA and MLB will be quantified. A series of regression tests will uncover any correlations between three key statistics that generalize each pillar: payroll, attendance, and performance. A significant correlation between performance and attendance indicate a team has shown increased levels of attendance during seasons of improved performance. A significant correlation between payroll and performance implies that improvements in performance have typically occurred with a similar increase in payroll. Significant correlations between payroll and attendance show a team’s attendance typically declined when payroll decreased. The results of each test are compared on a league level and teams are categorized based on their combinations of significant correlations. Teams with no significant correlations between payroll, performance, and attendance have won the most championships over the past 12 years, and have the best organizational foundation moving forwards
Pulmonary tuberculosis as differential diagnosis of lung cancer
No full textPatients with lung cancer are often misdiagnosed as pulmonary tuberculosis leading to delay in the correct diagnosis as well as exposure to inappropriate medication. Several factors are responsible for this situation in developing countries, including lack of awareness, inadequate infrastructure and socio-economic factors. This article outlines the differences between the two diseases as well as features that would make a clinician suspect the right diagnosis early
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