244 research outputs found
‘Standard’ cosmological model and beyond with CMB
No full text'Standard' cosmological model and beyond with CMB
Tarun Souradeep
Published 20 May 2011 • 2011 IOP Publishing Ltd
Classical and Quantum Gravity, Volume 28, Number 11
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[email protected]
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Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Post Bag 4, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411 007, India
Dates
Received 11 January 2011
Published 20 May 2011
Citation
Tarun Souradeep 2011 Class. Quantum Grav. 28 114016
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DOI
https://doi.org/10.1088/0264-9381/28/11/114016
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Abstract
Observational cosmology has made very rapid progress in the past decade. The ability to quantify the universe has largely improved due to observational constraints coming from structure formation measurements; cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropy and, more recently, polarization have played a very important role. Besides precise determination of various parameters of the 'standard' cosmological model, observations have also established some important basic tenets that underlie models of cosmology and structure formation in the universe—'acausally' correlated initial perturbations in a flat, statistically isotropic universe, adiabatic nature of primordial density perturbations. These are consistent with the expectation of the paradigm of inflation and the generic prediction of the simplest realization of an inflationary scenario in the early universe. Furthermore, gravitational instability is the established mechanism for structure formation from these initial perturbations. The signature of primordial perturbations observed as the CMB anisotropy and polarization is the most compelling evidence for new, possibly fundamental, physics in the early universe. The community is now looking beyond the estimation of parameters of a working 'standard' model of cosmology for subtle, characteristic signatures from early universe physics
Pleural Aspergillosis in an otherwise healthy individual
No full textPleural Aspergillosis is a rare entity, with most of the cases occurring on a background of lung disease or surgery. We report a case of a 16-year-old boy who developed pleural Aspergillosis in the absence of any obvious pre-disposing factors. Patient presented with fever, dry cough and left sided chest discomfort of 6 weeks duration. A chest radiograph revealed features of the left pyopneumothorax. Despite being started on presumptive antituberculous treatment and intercostal drainage his symptoms failed to resolve. The sputum and pus were then subjected to fungal smears and culture, which indicated growth of Aspergillus fumigatus. We report this case in view of the extreme rarity of pleural Aspergillosis occurring in a young healthy individual with no evidence of prior lung pathology. Furthermore, the source of infection was traced back to a very unusual possible focus - a decayed tooth infected with A. fumigatus, thus making the case even more interesting
Risk reduction and perceived collective efficacy and community support among female sex workers in Tamil Nadu and Maharashtra, India: the importance of context.
No full textBACKGROUND: Empowering sex workers to mobilise and influence the structural context that obstructs risk reduction efforts is now seen an essential component of successful HIV prevention programmes. However, success depends on local programme environments and history. METHODS: The authors analysed data from the Integrated Behavioural and Biological Assessment Round I cross-sectional survey among female sex workers in Tamil Nadu and Maharashtra. The authors used propensity score matching to estimate the impact of participation in intervention activities on reduction of risk (consistent condom use) and vulnerability (perceived collective efficacy and community support). RESULTS: Background levels of risk and vulnerability as well as intervention impact varied widely across the different settings. The effect size ATT of attending meetings/trainings on consistent condom use was as high as 21% in Tamil Nadu (outside of Chennai) where overall use was lowest at 51%. Overall, levels of perceived collective efficacy were low at the time of the survey; perceived community support was high in Tamil Nadu and especially in Chennai (93%) contrasting with 33% in Mumbai. Consistent with previous research, the context of Mumbai seems least conducive to vulnerability reduction, yet self-help groups had a significant impact on consistent condom use (ATT=10%) and were significantly associated with higher collective efficacy (ATT=31%). CONCLUSIONS: Significant risk reduction can be achieved by large-scale female sex worker interventions, but the impact depends on the history of programming, the complexity of the context in which sex work happens and pre-existing levels of support sex workers perceive from their peers
Leviathans: Headspace-like behemoths swallow resources
No full texthttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3351-6911 Looi Jeffrey CL 1 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9264-5310 Allison Stephen 2 Bastiampillai Tarun 2 3 1 Academic Unit of Psychiatry & Addiction Medicine, ANU Medical School, Canberra Hospital, Canberra, ACT, Australia 2 Discipline of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia 3 South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia Jeffrey CL Looi, Academic Unit of Psychiatry & Addiction Medicine, ANU Medical School, Canberra Hospital, Canberra, ACT 2605, Australia. Email: [email protected] 11 2019 53 11 1050 1051 © The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists 2019 2019 The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists Declaration of Conflicting Interests The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship and/or publication of this article. Funding The author(s) received no financial support for the research, authorship and/or publication of this article. ORCID iDs Jeffrey CL Looi https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3351-6911 Stephen Allison https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9264-5310Peer-reviewe
Sexual behaviours and condom use among young urban women in a town in northeast India: Implications for prevention and control of sexually transmitted infections
No full textCorrection: Feasibility and acceptability of implementing the Global Scales for Early Development (GSED) package for children 0–3 years across three countries
No full textFollowing publication of the original article [1], the authors reported an error in the author names of Magdalena Janus, Yvonne Schönbeck, Abdullah H. Baqui and Rasheda Khanam, and an error to the affiliations of authors Tarun Dua, Romuald Kouadio E. Anago, Michelle Perez Maillard and Gillian Lancaster. The incorrect author name is: Magdalana Janus. The correct author name is: Magdalena Janus. The incorrect author name is: Yvonne Schonbeck. The correct author name is: Yvonne Schönbeck. The incorrect author name is: Abdullah Baqui. The correct author name is: Abdullah H. Baqui. The incorrect author name is: Rasheda Khanum. The correct author name is: Rasheda Khanam. Authors Tarun Dua and Michelle Perez Maillard should be affiliated to “Department of Mental Health and Substance Use, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland”, author Romuald Kouadio E. Anago should be affiliated to “Innovations for Poverty Action, IPA Côte d’Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire”, and author Gillian Lancaster should be affiliated to “School of Medicine, Keele University, Keele, UK”. The author group has been updated above and the original article [1] has been corrected
Disseminated Varicella Zoster in a 92 Year Old
No full textWe describe an unusual case of Varicella zoster virus (VZV) in an otherwise well 92 year old. Presentation was following a fall and confusion, which had developed over two days. She had a Glasgow coma scale score of 11 and was confused. She had generally increased tone. There was a coalescing vesicular rash on the left side of her chest in a T6-8 dermatomal distribution. There were further vesicles on the trunk which were spreading. An initial diagnosis of ‘shingles’ with confusion of unclear cause was made. She was dehydrated as she had been vomiting and there was slight hyponatraemia, thought to be due to concurrent medications. CT head showed no acute abnormalities. Lumbar puncture revealed a lymphocytosis with mildly elevated protein and low glucose. Based on this she was treated with antiviral and broad-spectrum antibiotic medications. These were modified to intravenous acyclovir only following confirmation of positive PCR test for varicella zoster virus from the CSF. The rash improved and wakefulness returned over the following two weeks. The patient remained dependent and confused, having previously been living alone independently.VZV is a common pathogen, but in this case presented in its rare disseminated form, with meningoencephalitis and widespread cutaneous involvement. Disseminated VZV has been previously described but usually occurs in patients known to be immunocompromised. Our case demonstrates that supposedly healthy patients, especially the elderly, are at risk of this condition and it should be considered as a diagnosis in the presence of a rash and confusion
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