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Assessment of Level of Pesticide use and their Likely Impact on the Amphibian Populations in a Rural Agro-Ecosystem of Kashmir
No full textAmphibians are among the planet’s most important and unique
group of vertebrates, containing over 6,400 known species.
Amphibians (frogs, salamanders, caecilians) are diverse group of animals
that occur throughout the world and reach their greatest diversity in tropical
regions. They are important components of aquatic habitats and form an
integral part of their ecosystems affecting nutrient cycling and also serving
as high quality prey for many species. Amphibians occupy an important
position in ecosystems, being both as predator and prey. They have a unique
life style requiring both aquatic and terrestrial habitats and act as important
bio-monitors and bio-indicators of ecosystem health. Amphibians play
diverse roles in natural ecosystems and their decline may cause other species
to become threatened or may undermine aspects of ecosystem functions
(While et al., 2006). Recently population size of many amphibian species
has experienced declines on all six continents and in some cases extinction
of amphibians has occurred. Although localized die-offs of amphibians were
recorded before 1970, major declines were documented in temperate areas
beginning in the 1970’s and mass mortalities of amphibians in tropics have
been described more recently. Many declines and extinctions have also
occurred in protected wilderness areas as national parks and reserves were
no obvious cause was identified (Lips, 1998; Pounds and Crump, 1994).
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Impact of Brick Kiln Emissions on the Ambient Air Quality and Vegetation: A Case Study of District Budgam
Get PDFIt has been said that the study of bricks is the study of civilization. Bricks made of
mud and straw have been used for thousands of years. Some bricks over ten
thousand years old have been discovered. In India, the history of making bricks is
almost 5000 years old which is as old as the earliest known Indian civilization
“Indus Valley Civilization”. It is actually owing to the discovery of some old bricks
during the construction of railway track from Karachi to Punjab in mid 19th century
that ultimately led archaeologists to the discovery of Indus Valley Civilization. The
people of that civilization extensively used bricks to lay complex mathematically
planned cities. Some of these towns were almost 3 miles in diameter and housed as
many as 30,000 residents. Even now, nearly 5000 years later, bricks are being used
extensively across the country, so much so, that India is the second largest
producer of bricks after China. Estimated brick production during 2000-2001 was
close to 140 billion, most of which was in unorganized sector in small units. Today
there are more than one lac brick kilns clustered in rural and peri-urban areas of
the country (Maithel et al. 2003)
Scenario of Biomedical Waste Management in Major Hospitals of Srinagar City
No full textealthcare establishments are service – oriented institutions that
provide medical care facilities comprising of observational,
diagnostic, research, therapeutic and rehabilitative services which
are vital for our life and health. But the waste generated from medical activities
represents a real problem of living nature and human world.
Waste is an unavoidable by product of human activities, which has been
prevading, our environment for centuries and will continue to contaminate our
surroundings in the foreseeable future. An important issue of environmental
protection process is the waste management that includes responsible planning
of collecting, transporting, processing and disposing waste material (Campbell,
1988; Stamenkovic, 2007). The purposes are to clean up the surrounding
environment and to see that the waste does not have a detrimental effect on
human health. Within Waste Management (WM), the health waste
management is a process that helps to ensure proper hospital hygiene and
safety of healthcare workers and communities. (Belkin, 1982; Baram 1989).
Waste management has two vital parts; firstly management of hazardous
wastes of different types generated from different sources and secondly
effective training and supervision of various categories of personnel involved
in the whole waste management system.
There is need to sensitize the top level managers by making them aware
of not only the various types of waste, but also its generation, collection,
containment, handling, storage, transportation, treatment and final disposal.
The focus should be primarily on biomedical waste generation. The proper
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Chapter: 01 Introduction
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segregation at source is essential element of the successful waste management
programme. (Pandit, 1999)
Evaluation of the Status of the Stone Crushers in the Southeast of Srinagar and their Impacts on the Immediate Environment Including Human Health
No full textAir pollution is one of the major threats to our environment both
physical and biological. The rapid growth of industries,
urbanization, transportation etc. and their injudicious planning without due
regard for sustainable development are leading to serious environmental
hazards. The significant contribution of air pollution to the problems of ill
health of human beings, loss of agricultural productivity, forest decline etc.
has been a cause of increasing public concern throughout the world and has
become a topic of intense scientific, industrial and government interest.
Studies on the effects of air pollution on crops dates back almost a century,
but great bulk of research has been conducted within the last 40 years,
mainly in North American and Western Europe.
Due to several internal socioeconomic problems, population
explosion, race/competition of development among different countries,
urbanization etc a higher priority has been given to industrial development
than environmental protection in order to win/lead the race. Without paying
attention to the environmental consequences, polluting industries have been
transferred from industrialized countries to the developing countries where
the lack of environmental regulations and control is used as local advantage.
As a consequence, in the developing countries environmental problems have
appeared similar to those in the Northern Hemisphere years or decades
before, history seems to repeat itself (Mage D. et al., 1996). However, for a
long time the deterioration of environmental quality due to industrialization
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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