7 research outputs found
Dinamika implementasi kebijakan pembangunan ruang terbuka hijau: studi kasus Kota Bekasi
Get PDFKebijakan tata ruang kota menjadi aspek yang krusial dalam proses pembangunan suatu wilayah. Penataan ruang suatu kota haruslah seimbang antara ruang terbangun dengan ruang terbuka hijau sesuai proporsinya. Proporsi RTH di area kota diatur dalam UU No. 26 Tahun 2007 Pasal 29 Ayat 1&2 terkait Penataan Ruang yang mengharuskan RTH di kota/kabupaten memiliki minimal 30% dari luas area kota. Perwujudan syarat minimal 30% merupakan tantangan bagi setiap kota di Indonesia, termasuk Kota Bekasi. Presentase ruang terbuka hijau di Kota Bekasi mengalami penurunan, semula 11,51% di tahun 2014 menurun menjadi 11,1% di tahun 2023. Oleh karena itu, studi ini akan membahas bagaimana proses implementasi kebijakan ruang terbuka hijau di Kota Bekasi dan dinamika politik yang terjadi. Studi ini dilakukan guna menjawab dua pertanyaan penelitian: 1) bagaimana proses implementasi kebijakan ruang terbuka hijau di Kota Bekasi dalam memenuhi syarat minimal 30%? 2) bagaimana dinamika politik dalam proses implemetasi kebijakan ruang terbuka hijau di Kota Bekasi?.
Teori yang penulis gunakan untuk menjawab dua pertanyaan penelitian di atas ialah teori Implementasi Kebijakan yang dikemukakan oleh Merilee S Grindle. Dalam teori Grindle untuk menganalisis implementasi kebijakan ada dua konsep penting yaitu konsep tentang isi kebijakan (content of policy) dan konteks implementasi (context of implementation). Konsep content of policy digunakan untuk meneliti bagaimana proses implementasi kebijakan RTH di Kota Bekasi dalam memenuhi syarat minimal 30% dan konsep context of implementation digunakan untuk meneliti bagaimana dinamika politik dalam proses implementasi kebijakan RTH di Kota Bekasi. Metode penelitian yang penulis gunakan ialah metode kualitatif melalui pendekatan studi kasus. Studi kasus dalam kualitatif ialah penafsiran realita sosial politik yang meletakan peneliti sebagai instrumen penelitian untuk menggali dan memahami data-data yang bersifat deskriptif yang dikumpulkan dari proses obresvasi lapanngan, indepth interview dan dokumentasi.
Hasil penelitian ini telah dirangkum menjadi dua poin penting. Pertama, Proses pembangunan ruang terbuka hijau cenderung berpihak kepada pihak swasta, sehingga pemerintah tidak memiliki political will dalam melaksanakan kebijakan. Adapun kendala yang terjadi yaitu kurangnya anggaran, kurangnya koordinasi secara vertical maupun horizontal, kurangnya pengawasan dan penegakan hukum terhadap pelanggaran yang dilakukan pengembang. Kedua, Dinamika politik yang terjadi dipengaruhi oleh karakter rezim itu sendiri yaitu rezim yang otokratis. Rezim otokratis ialah rezim yang memusatkan kekuasaan pada satu orang saja. Kemudian, hal ini yang membentuk kebijakan ini di dominasi dengan kepentingan- kepentingan korporasi yang beraliansi dengan kepentingan-kepentingan elit politik. Tetapi, aliansi ini justru menjerat elit politik atau pejabat publik untuk tidak dapat mengimplementasikan PERDA Kota Bekasi No. 13 Tahun 2011 Tentang RTRW Tahun 2011- 2031 bahwa proporsi ruang terbuka hijau sebesar 30% dari luas wilayah Kota Bekasi.
ABSTRACT:
Urban spatial planning policy is a crucial aspect in the development process of a region. The spatial arrangement of a city must be balanced between built-up space and green open space according to its proportion. The proportion of green space in the city area is regulated in Law No. 26 of 2007 Article 29 Paragraphs 1&2 related to Spatial Planning which requires green space in cities/regencies to have a minimum of 30% of the city area. The realization of the minimum 30% requirement is a challenge for every city in Indonesia, including Bekasi City. The percentage of green open space in Bekasi City has decreased, from 11.51% in 2014 to 11.1% in 2023. Therefore, this study will discuss how the green open space policy implementation process in Bekasi City and the political dynamics that occur. This study was conducted to answer two research questions: 1) how is the implementation process of the green open space policy in Bekasi City in fulfilling the minimum requirement of 30%? 2) what are the political dynamics in the process of implementing the green open space policy in Bekasi City?
The theory that the author uses to answer the two research questions above is the theory of Policy Implementation proposed by Merilee S Grindle. In Grindle's theory to analyze policy implementation, there are two important concepts, namely the concept of policy content and the context of implementation. The concept of content of policy is used to examine how the implementation process of the RTH policy in Bekasi City in meeting the minimum requirement of 30% and the concept of context of implementation is used to examine how political dynamics in the RTH policy implementation process in Bekasi City. The research method that the author uses is a qualitative method through a case study approach. Qualitative case studies are interpretations of socio-political realities that place researchers as research instruments to explore and understand descriptive data collected from the process of field observations, indepth interviews and documentation.
The results of this research have been summarized into two important points. First, the process of green open space development tends to favor the private sector, so that the government does not have political will in implementing the policy. The obstacles that occur are lack of budget, lack of vertical and horizontal coordination, lack of supervision and law enforcement against violations committed by developers. Second, the political dynamics that occur are influenced by the character of the regime itself, namely the autocratic regime. An autocratic regime is a regime that concentrates power in one person only. Then, this makes this policy dominated by corporate interests that are allied with the interests of the political elite. However, this alliance actually ensnares political elites or public officials to be unable to implement Bekasi City Regulation No. 13/2011 concerning RTRW 2011-2031 that the proportion of green open space is 30% of the Bekasi City area
Reasons to Ban? The Anti-Burqa Movement in Western Europe
Get PDFOriginally published at http://www.mmg.mpg.de/en/publications/working-papers/2012/
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Multimodal Based Audio-Visual Speech Recognition for Hard-of-Hearing: State of the Art Techniques and Challenges
Get PDFMultimodal Integration (MI) is the study of merging the knowledge acquired by the nervous system using sensory modalities such as speech, vision, touch, and gesture. The applications of MI expand over the areas of Audio-Visual Speech Recognition (AVSR), Sign Language Recognition (SLR), Emotion Recognition (ER), Bio Metrics Applications (BMA), Affect Recognition (AR), Multimedia Retrieval (MR), etc. The fusion of modalities such as hand gestures- facial, lip- hand position, etc., are mainly used sensory modalities for the development of hearing-impaired multimodal systems. This paper encapsulates an overview of multimodal systems available within literature towards hearing impaired studies. This paper also discusses some of the studies related to hearing-impaired acoustic analysis. It is observed that very less algorithms have been developed for hearing impaired AVSR as compared to normal hearing. Thus, the study of audio-visual based speech recognition systems for the hearing impaired is highly demanded for the people who are trying to communicate with natively speaking languages. This paper also highlights the state-of-the-art techniques in AVSR and the challenges faced by the researchers for the development of AVSR systems
Efficacy of probiotics for treatment of acute or persistent diarrhoea in children from birth till 10 years: Systematic review and meta-analysis
Get PDFBackground: Numerous studies have investigated the efficacy of probiotics in treating acute and persistent diarrhoea. However, probiotics have not been established as a recommended management option for diarrhoeal illness by the World Health Organization (WHO). Therefore, we conducted a systematic review of randomised controlled trials to assess the efficacy of probiotics for the management of acute and persistent diarrhoea in children.Methods: A systematic search on PubMed, CINAHL, Wiley Cochrane Library, Scopus, Clinicaltrials.gov, and WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) was performed. All studies published in the year 2000 and onwards that assessed the use of probiotics in the management of acute and persistent diarrhoea in children aged 0-10 years were included. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias II (RoB-2) tool and the quality of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE) approach. This review was commissioned by WHO for revision of their guidelines for childhood diarrhoea management.Results: The review included 98 studies with a total of 17 236 participants. Studies were categorised based on the WHO definition of diarrhoea or author-specified definition. In studies considering the WHO definition of diarrhoea, the probiotics group was more likely to achieve clinical cure (risk ratio = 1.12 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.01, 1.24, studies = 14)) and reduce the duration of diarrhoea (mean difference = -13.27 hours (95% CI = -16.72, -9.83, studies = 33)) than the control group in children with acute diarrhoea. However, the effect size was small, and statistical heterogeneity was very high, leading to low certainty of evidence. In children with persistent diarrhoea, probiotics reduced the duration of diarrhoea by 95 hours (mean difference = -96.45 (95% CI = -110.53, -82.37, studies = 2)), but the certainty of the evidence was very low.Conclusions: The results from this systematic review suggest low certainty of evidence for the effect of probiotics on clinical cure and duration of diarrhoea in children. There was significant diversity in the genus, species, dosages, and duration of treatment in the trial and administration. High levels of heterogeneity reduced the certainty of evidence. Large-scale randomised clinical trials are needed to evaluate specific probiotic strains and doses. In addition, cost-effective analysis studies are needed to be explored in future research.Registration: The protocol for this review was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO: CRD42023449200)
