1,723,347 research outputs found
INTRODUCTION AND SCOPE OF BOTANY
No full text<p><span>Botany is a discipline of biology that studies plants. It is often referred to as plant science, plant biology, or phytology. A scientist who specializes in this area is known as a phytologist, botanist, or plant scientist. The Ancient Greek word "botanē" (ϲοτάvη) means "pasture", "herbs", "grass", or "fodder". The term "botany" originates from this word; it is derived from βόσκειν (boskein), which means "to feed" or "to graze" (1, 2, 3). Historically, the field of botany has encompassed the investigation of fungi and algae, conducted by mycologists and physiologists, respectively. The International Botanical Congress has maintained its focus on these three categories of organisms. Currently, 410,000 species of terrestrial plants are studied by botanists (in the strict sense), of which 391,000 species are vascular plants (containing about 369,000 species) (4, 5).</span></p>
Imaging of the Deep Galicia Margin using Ocean Bottom Seismic Data
No full textThe Galicia margin, west of Iberia, is one of the most studied magma-poor rifted margins to understand the rifting process leading to continental breakup. Seismic imaging has been instrumental in understanding rifting in the Galicia margin. In this work, I derived a high-resolution P-wave velocity model of the Deep Galicia margin (DGM) where the final breakup of the continental crust happened. The velocity model is derived employing a 3D acoustic full waveform inversion(FWI) technique in the time domain using sparsely acquired wide-angle ocean bottom seismometer(OBS) data. The model is validated by tracking phase changes of the first arrivals during the inversion, and by comparing the predicted waveforms with the observed for all the instruments. In addition, the anomalies introduced by FWI were validated by performing synthetic inversion runs by recovering the anomalies using a synthetic dataset predicted using the final FWI model as observed dataset. The final model shows an improved alignment with the structures observed on 3D prestack time migrated multichannel seismic images compared to the starting model. Comparison of the 3D FWI model result with 2D result derived along a profile through the 3Dseismic volume highlighted the differences between the imaging methods in a real world setting .The 3D FWI result constraints better the complex faulting within the pre- and syn-rift sediments, crystalline crust and below a detachment fault, known as the S-reflector, compared to the 2D result. Below the S-reflector, 3D FWI has enhanced the pattern of serpentinisation compared to the starting model with local low velocity zones occurring around fault intersections. Based on my comparison, I conclude that the use of 3D data can partially mitigate the problem of receiver sparsity in FWI. Using the high-resolution 3D model, I attempted to understand the nature of the crystalline crust by comparing the velocity range of the crystalline crust in the DGM with other similar tectonic settings. The velocity limits of the crystalline crust in the DGM include velocities of both the upper and lower crust observed in other similar settings, indicating that it is comprised of both the upper and lower crust. Unlike in many other settings, there is no clear evidence in the P-wave velocity profiles for a separate upper and lower crust within the crystalline crust. The high-resolution model also shows evidence for exhumation of the lower crust under the footwall of the fault blocks to accommodate the extension. I generated a serpentinisation map of the DGM at a depth of 100 ms below the S-reflector and compared the map with a map generated by training a machine learning algorithm using velocities from 2D FWI. A mean serpentinisation of ~33 % is estimated below the S-reflector using the 3D FWI model. Seismic images of the DGM are developed in time and depth domains using the first-order multiples from the OBS data and a technique called mirror imaging. In this technique, the seafloor along with the OBS is mirror imaged with respect to the sea-surface and placed at a depth of twice the water column depth. Such an adjustment allows incorporation of the multiples in to migration algorithms just like primary reflections. I observe that mirror imaged sections show a good match within the sediment column with the multichannel images, but the quality of the images deteriorates below the top of the basement partially due to weak signal strength of the multiples. Primary reflections from the OBS illuminate very narrow sections of the subsurface, hence the quality of the image using them is poor compared to the mirror images. Mirror imaging can become a standard processing step in studies where no multichannel data are available
Sim-on-wheels: Physical world in the loop simulation for self-driving
Get PDFSubmission original under an indefinite embargo labeled 'Open Access'. The submission was exported from vireo on 2025-10-19 without embargo termsThe student, Bhargav Chandaka, accepted the attached license on 2025-04-15 at 21:27.The student, Bhargav Chandaka, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2025-04-15 at 21:32.This Thesis was approved for publication on 2025-04-16 at 07:49.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #21789 on 2025-10-19 at 18:09:25We present Sim-on-Wheels, a safe, realistic, and vehicle-in-loop framework to test autonomous vehicles’ performance in the real world under safety-critical scenarios. Sim-on-wheels runs on a self-driving vehicle operating in the physical world. It creates virtual traffic participants with risky behaviors and seamlessly inserts the virtual events into images perceived from the physical world in real-time. The manipulated images are fed into autonomy, allowing the self-driving vehicle to react to such virtual events. The full pipeline runs on the actual vehicle and interacts with the physical world, but the safety-critical events it sees are virtual. Sim-on-Wheels is safe, interactive, realistic, and easy to use. The experiments demonstrate the potential of Sim-on-Wheels to facilitate the process of testing autonomous driving in challenging real-world scenes with high fidelity and low risk. Additional results and open-sourced code are available on our project page here: https://sim-on-wheels.github.io/
Evaluating exact and approximate algorithms for integer linear programming formulations of MAP inference
Get PDFStructured prediction tasks involve an inference step which allows for producing coherent label assignments to the output structure. This can be achieved by constraining the output using prior knowledge about the domain. This paradigm is called Constrained Conditional Models; and it involves augmenting the learning of conditional models with declarative constraints. The MAP inference problem in CCM framework can be solved by formulating an Integer Linear Programming problem. This ILP formulation is generally relaxed to an Linear Programming problem by dropping the integrality constraints and making it tractable. In this work, we evaluate other approximate inference algorithms for the MAP estimate for structured prediction task in the CCM framework. We model the constrained structured prediction problem as a factor graph and use different graphical models based algorithms. We evaluate these methods for the quality of their solution and the computation time over some NLP tasks with varying complexity. For large-scale problems, the tradeoff between inference time and the approximateness of the solution is a crucial aspect. Furthermore, these inference solvers are provided as black-box implementations in Saul, which is a declarative programming language for structured prediction tasks.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'U of I Access', the embargo will last until 2019-08-01The student, Bhargav Mangipudi, accepted the attached license on 2017-07-17 at 10:20.The student, Bhargav Mangipudi, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2017-07-17 at 10:24.This Thesis was approved for publication on 2017-07-17 at 12:36.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #11490 on 2018-03-02 at 13:02:20Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-02T19:59:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Previous issue date: 2017-07-17Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 105065
Lift date: 2020-03-02T19:59:52Z
Reason: Author requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemEmbargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 105065
Lift date: 2020-03-02T20:02:46Z
Reason: Author requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemU of I Only Restriction Lifted for Item 105065 on 2020-03-03T10:15:35Z
Hitting Sets for Orbits of Circuit Classes and Polynomial Families
Get PDFThe orbit of an n-variate polynomial f() over a field is the set {f(A+) : A ∈ GL(n,) and ∈ ⁿ}. In this paper, we initiate the study of explicit hitting sets for the orbits of polynomials computable by several natural and well-studied circuit classes and polynomial families. In particular, we give quasi-polynomial time hitting sets for the orbits of:
1) Low-individual-degree polynomials computable by commutative ROABPs. This implies quasi-polynomial time hitting sets for the orbits of the elementary symmetric polynomials.
2) Multilinear polynomials computable by constant-width ROABPs. This implies a quasi-polynomial time hitting set for the orbits of the family {IMM_{3,d}}_{d ∈ ℕ}, which is complete for arithmetic formulas.
3) Polynomials computable by constant-depth, constant-occur formulas. This implies quasi-polynomial time hitting sets for the orbits of multilinear depth-4 circuits with constant top fan-in, and also polynomial-time hitting sets for the orbits of the power symmetric and the sum-product polynomials.
4) Polynomials computable by occur-once formulas
Corrigendum: Frontal Hemodynamic Responses to High Frequency Yoga Breathing in Schizophrenia: A Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Study
No full textA corrigendum on
Frontal hemodynamic responses to high frequency yoga breathing in schizophrenia: a functional near-infrared spectroscopy study
by Bhargav H, Nagendra HR, Gangadhar BN and Nagarathna R (2014). Front. Psychiatry 5:29. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2014.0002
Motion Based Computer Mouse Control
No full textAbstract: This work provides us an efficient way of developing a motion controlled interaction with a computer or laptop without touching it. This is achieved by capturing motion using an external source and processing it to perform the action needed. This work can help a lot of people to save time as they don’t need to come over to perform the task and it can also help people who are physically challenged to use the computer as it is all about making hand moments and interacting with the computer. Our work is based on continuous hand picture acknowledgement framework.Published By:
Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering
and Sciences Publication (BEIESP)
© Copyright: All rights reserved
Suggestions to Improve Lean Construction Planning
Get PDFThe Last Planner System® has been one of the most popular lean construction tools that offers a solution to tackle the problems of production management on construction sites. Since its inception almost 20 years ago, construction companies across the world have implemented Last Planner with reported success. However, even as Last Planner was originally designed to address some shortcomings of the CPM method, a particular shortcoming – namely task continuity was not addressed directly. Also, excepting PPC and Reasons for Non Completion charts, there are no explicit visual tools offered by the Last Planner system. On the other hand, Line of Balance based approaches intrinsically support the consideration of task continuity, and offer a basic visual management approach in schedule representation. With some exceptions, Line of Balance is seen as a special technique applicable only in linear or repetitive work based schedules. The authors suggest that i) there is a need for a robust theory of planning and scheduling and ii) there is a need for a more suitable approach that addresses critical aspects of planning and scheduling function for example by integrating Line of Balance and Last Planner to provide a more robust support for construction scheduling
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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