1,721,012 research outputs found
Endodontic Ni–Ti rotary instruments for Glide-path, Are they still necessary and how to think about the ideal instrument?
Full text link: How to cite this article: Reda R, Maccari E, Bhandi S. Endodontic Ni-Ti Rotary Instruments for Glide-path, Are They Still Necessary and How to Think about the Ideal Instrument? J Contemp Dent Pract 2024;25(6):505-506. Keywords: Alloy, Endodontics, Glide Path, NiTi Rotary Instruments, Patency
Updates on peri-implant soft tissue stability over time, guaranteeing successful rehabilitation
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Harnessing the power of biologic agents on the oral microbiota: a way to promote oral and systemic health?
Full text linkDuring the long history of their evolution, higher organisms, including mammals, have learnt to take great advantage from living in close contact with selected populations of microbes.1 By living in close contact, animals and microbes underwent a progressive and mutual co-evolutive process that is believed to be a major driving force in the development of adaptive immunity of vertebrates.2 As a result of this co-evolutive process, humans and other animals are characterized by their own unique microbiomes, each consisting of many hundred species of viruses, bacteria, archaea, fungi, and protozoa, unevenly distributed to colonize the different accessible regions of the body.3 The human microbiome is believed to account for 1-3% of body weight and to comprise more than 100 trillion cells.4 The microbiota is involved in complex host-microbe and microbe-microbe interactions, thus modulating nutrient acquisition, adjusting immune system development and general homeostasis (via epigenetic modifications of host genes5), and playing the role of protective barrier to pathogens.4 When a microbiota undergoes qualitative and quantitative changes with regard to distribution in a site and metabolic activity, this condition is defined dysbiosis and is expected to be associated with local and/ or distant pathologic signs.6 Bacterial products released by a dysbiotic microbiota interact with homeostatic mechanisms of the human host and cooperate to the pathogenesis of major human diseases, including diabetes mellitus, inflammatory bowel syndrome, atherosclerosis, obesity, liver disease, and cancer.4,7 he oral microbiota is the second more abundant and one of the most diverse and unique microbial communities in the human body.8 Although many of the most relevant oral and dental diseases, including caries, periodontal and peri-implant diseases, have been long recognized as of microbial origin, only recently the application of culture independent molecular methods using 16S rRNA gene comparative analyzes enabled us to understand that they are caused by dysbiosis rather than by the action of specific pathogens.9-11 The effects of oral dysbiosis are not limited to oral tissues: periodontal diseases, for example, are among the most common human diseases and their associations with diabetes, cardiovascular disease, metabolic disease and obesity, rheumatoid arthritis, certain cancers, respiratory diseases, and cognitive disorders is now supported by increasing evidence.12 Recent molecular investigations showed that some potentially pathogenic oral bacteria (named pathobionts), as for example Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, and Fusobacterium nucleatum, colonize in low numbers the oral cavity of healthy individuals, without alerting sentinel systems of mucosal defences.13,14 Conditions able to disrupt the eubiotic equilibrium promote the overgrowth of pathobionts, which suddenly become pathogens (with support from commensal
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Management of facial subcutaneous emphysema during third molar surgery: a case report
Full text linkAim and objective: Aim of this case report is to illustrate a rare subcutaneous emphysema during third molar extraction. Background: Third molar extraction is a common procedure in oral surgery. Common complications that may occur after the surgical procedure include bleeding, pain, swelling, and trismus. Subcutaneous emphysema in an unusual complication during dental extraction and it could lead to life-threatening situations. Case description: In this report, a 26-year-old female patient experienced a facial subcutaneous emphysema, occurred in a few seconds during the surgical extraction of an impacted lower left third molar performed by the use of a high-speed turbine. The patient showed a normal mouth opening but an impossibility to fully open the left eye; there was no pain or breathing difficulties. A manual reduction of the emphysematous zone was performed. Amoxicillin 875 mg with clavulanic acid 125 mg in tablets every 12 h for 6 days was prescribed; 4 mg of intramuscular betamethasone (Bentelan, Defiante Farm Unipessoal LDA, Funchal, Portugal) were injected locally at the intervention site, and 80 mg of ketoprofen every 8 hours in case of pain, were administered after surgery; the patient was observed for 4 hours then allowed to leave the hospital. Follow-up visits were scheduled at 1, 3, and 6 days after surgery. The healing was obtained in 6 days. Conclusion: The prevention of subcutaneous emphysema requires minimal invasive surgery avoiding the use of high-speed air-turbine and flaps should be minimal elevated and properly retracted by an expert operator. Even if subcutaneous emphysema is self-limiting and usually heals in 7–10 days, its prevention and early and accurate diagnosis are essential to avoid complications or life-threatening conditions. Clinical significance: The procedures described in this case report may be of clinical significance in the knowledge, prevention, and treatment of subcutaneous emphysema, a potentially life-threatening condition
Surgical-anatomical evaluation of mandibular premolars by CBCT among the Italian population
Full text linkBACKGROUND: The thorough knowledge of the anatomy of mandibular premolars is an essential factor for a correct approach to endodontic treatment, concerning both non-surgical and surgical treatment. OBJECTIVES: Since there is no data on the Italian population in this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate, from a surgical perspective, the anatomy of mandibular premolars among the Italian population through a cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) analysis, considering the morphology of their root canals according to Vertucci's classification and the prospect of their apices with regard to the vestibular bone plate and the proximity to the inferior alveolar nerve and the mental foramen as well as to evaluate the most appropriate distance from the apex in the radicular resection (3 mm or 5 mm). MATERIAL AND METHODS: At total of 492 CBCT acquisitions (from 246 males and 246 females) were included retrospectively, evaluating 720 mandibular premolars. Age, gender, the tooth position in relation to the vestibular plate, the number of roots, the tooth length and the root length, the number of canals, the configuration of the root canal system according to Vertucci's criteria, C-shaped canals, the distance from the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) to the canal bifurcation, the number of apical foramina, and the distance from the apex to the inferior alveolar nerve or the mental foramen were evaluated. RESULTS: The study highlighted the frequent anatomic variability of the root canal system. It found the presence of 1 root for first and second premolars in 97% and 99% of cases, of 2 roots in 2.7% and 0.7% of cases, and of 3 roots in 0.3% and 0.3% cases, respectively. In 92% of cases, the mental foramen was located below a second premolar, or between a first premolar and a second premolar; only in 8% of cases, it was located close to a first premolar, but never as close as to a second premolar. CONCLUSIONS: Mandibular premolars show a truly surprising anatomical variability, especially for mandibular first premolars, which therefore requires adequate radiographic planning before providing any endodontic treatment, or especially endodontic retreatment or endodontic surgery. Taking into account proximity to the inferior alveolar nerve and the mental foramen, any surgical approach must be carefully planned. Frequently, a two-dimensional (2D) radiographic examination is not sufficient to fully understand the anatomical variability of these teeth
Evidence on how prosthetic materials can influence the stability of the implant rehabilitation supporting tissues
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