1,721,005 research outputs found
Update on artificial intelligence against COVID-19: what we can learn for the next pandemic—a narrative review
No full textBackground and Objective: The coronavirus disease or coronavirus diseases-19 (COVID-19) is an ongoing pandemic that has created a tremendous public health concern. Apart from the reverse transcription polymerize chain reaction (RT-PCR), imaging findings play a crucial role in confirming its diagnosis and also constraining virus transmission. Artificial intelligence (AI) and its subsets have come to the rescue during these challenging periods and have been largely applied in managing the current COVID-19 pandemic. Role of AI in combating COVID-19 at different levels witnessed an enormous growth as documented in scientific literature. The present narrative review aims to illuminate the current state of evidence by providing an update on the use of AI during the COVID-19 pandemic in the year 2023 by assimilating the literature in identifying roles essayed by AI at different strata of COVID-19 expedition. Methods: English scientific articles were retrieved using Mesh terms-COVID-19, artificial intelligence with AND as Boolean operator in PubMed Database from January 2023 to December 2023 wherein AI essayed a role either in predicting, diagnosing, screening COVID-19 infection or any role essayed related to the condition. Abstracts, narrative or scoping reviews, systematic review, meta-analysis, comments, editorials were excluded. Data regarding the authors, the methodology with observations and inference as stated by the authors were retrieved and ponder upon to address the objectives of the study Key Content and Findings: Out of 1,661 articles obtained on initial search, 17 relevant articles were selected on application of the selection criteria. Scientific literature reveals that AI has contributed significantly by exhibiting precise, safe, and efficient imaging potential. Studies have also proposed various deep learning algorithms for the detection and treatment of COVID-19, for follow-ups, to evaluate patient response to treatment and so on. Conclusions: Thus, AI is swiftly evolving in the arena of healthcare. Further development of AI along with its subgroups can revolutionize public health care by reducing the work pressure on the front-line workers and be the backbone to improved management of a potential pandemic in the future
Effect of game-based teaching on the oral health of children: a systematic review of randomised control trials
No full textPoor oral health during childhood can lead to various oral diseases and have longterm implications for dental health. Innovative and engaging oral health educational approaches such as game -based teaching have emerged as a promising modality for health education. This systematic review examined the effectiveness of game -based teaching methods on the oral health of children (4-12 yrs). Scopus, Medline and Web of Science databases were searched according to specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. Inclusion criteria included randomised trials that compared traditional methods of oral health education with game -based interventions in preschoolers and school -age children. The quality of the data was determined using Cochrane risk -of -bias tool for randomized trials (ROB -2). A total of seven studies that examined 1097 children (4- 12 yrs) were included in this systematic review with the association of game -based teaching of oral health. The findings indicated that the utilization of game -based methods significantly improved children's oral health outcomes when compared to traditional teaching approaches. Specifically, the game -based interventions demonstrated positive effects on various aspects of oral health, including enhanced oral health knowledge, improved oral hygiene scores, and reductions in debris and plaque scores. The gamebased interventions were found to be more effective in promoting oral health when compared to conventional methods of teaching, such as verbal instructions or educational posters. Based on the limited evidence available, game -based teaching appears to be an effective approach for promoting oral health among children, consistently demonstrating positive outcomes, including improved oral health knowledge, enhanced oral hygiene scores, and reductions in debris and plaque scores. Further well -designed trials adhering to reporting guidelines and using objective measures are necessary before outlining universal guidelines for best practice
The Cytotoxic Effect of Thermoplastic Denture Base Resins: A Systematic Review
No full textPartial or complete dentures are constructed from thermoplastic resins that are thermally processed and molded. This review examines the presently available evidence for the cytotoxicity of thermoplasticized denture base resins on human gingival epithelial cells, adipose cells, and fibroblasts; human amnion fibroblasts; and mouse fibroblasts. Electronic searches were performed on PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases to identify relevant articles to be included in the review until September 2022. Clinical, in vivo, and in vitro studies in English language were searched for. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Toxicological data Reliability Assessment tool (ToxRTool) developed by the European Commission’s Joint Research Centre. GRADE assessment was used to evaluate the certainty of evidence. Seven in vitro studies were included in the review. The overall risk of bias was determined to be high, with the majority of studies assessed found to be reliable with restrictions or not reliable. Only two studies were considered reliable without restrictions based on ToxRTool assessment. The effect of thermoplastic denture base resins on viability and cell adherence of human gingival or amnion fibroblasts and mouse fibroblasts (L929s) is not significant. Conditioned media from unpolished specimens of resins were significantly more toxic to cultured cells than those from polished specimens. This may be of concern in cases of poor post-processing of dentures. Based on the limited evidence available, there is low-certainty evidence that thermoplastic denture base resins appear to be biocompatible and show insignificant cytotoxicity. Further well-designed trials adhering to standard reporting guidelines and using objective measures are necessary before outlining universal guidelines for best practice. Long-term in vivo and clinical assessment is necessary to corroborate laboratory findings with clinical outcomes. Denture base resins are in constant contact with oral tissues, and cytotoxic components released by the resins may irritate or inflame the tissues or provoke an allergic response
Efficacy of laser in re-osseointegration of dental implants-a systematic review
No full textDespite their high success rates, peri-implantitis can affect the stability and function of dental implants. Various treatment modalities have been investigated for the treatment of peri-implantitis to achieve re-osseointegration. An electronic literature search was performed supplemented by a manual search to identify studies published until January 2022. Articles that evaluated re-osseointegration in peri-implantitis sites in animal models following laser therapy or antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) were included. Case reports, case series, systematic reviews, and letters to the editor were excluded. Risk of bias and GRADE assessment were followed to evaluate the quality of the evidence. Six studies out of 26 articles identified on electronic search were included in this review. The studies included animal studies conducted on canine models. Four out of six studies reported a higher degree of re-osseointegration following treatment of implants with laser therapy. The findings suggest that laser decontamination shows potential in enhancing re-osseointegration, particularly with the Er: YAG laser, which effectively decontaminated implant surfaces. However, conflicting outcomes and limitations in the evidence quality warrant caution in drawing definitive conclusions. Based on the limited available evidence, laser therapy may show a higher degree of re-osseointegration of implants than mechanical debridement
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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