1,721,012 research outputs found
A Physical Principle for Fast and Miniature Random Number Hardware Generator Using MPPC Photo Detector
No full textThis paper presents the physical concept and test results of sample data of the high-speed hardware true random number generator design based on typically used for High Energy Physics hardware. Main features of this concept are the high speed of the true random numbers generation (tens of Mbt/s), miniature size and estimated lower production cost. This allows the use of such a device not only in large companies and government offices but for the end-user data cryptography, in classrooms, in scientific Monte-Carlo simulations, computer games and any other place where large number of true random numbers is required. The physics of the operations principle of using a Geiger-mode avalanche photo detector is discussed and the high quality of the data collected is demonstrated
Open-Source Software for Teaching Introductory Physics Laboratories at a New Level
No full textDuring and after the pandemic, a new technological approach had to be found to provide a meaningful lab experience to students. We had to create new approaches to the existing experiments and the innovative methodology that were introduced with the use of the Open-source tracker software (https://physlets.org/tracker/) in the Principles of Physics I and II. This new methodology not only expanded the number of possible lab experiments, but also provided students with the ability to conduct some of the simple experiments at home using common household items. This offered an exciting experience for students and provided a backup option in the case of further restrictions to student attendance at lab facilities. Additionally, a new paradigm was adopted and all new manuals were created
Indication of Electron Neutrino Appearance from an Accelerator-produced Off-axis Muon Neutrino Beam
Full text linkThe T2K experiment observes indications of ! e appearance in data accumulated with
1:43 1020 protons on target. Six events pass all selection criteria at the far detector. In a three-
avor neutrino oscillation scenario with j m2
23j = 2:4 103 eV2, sin2 2 23 = 1 and sin2 2 13 = 0,
the expected number of such events is 1.5 0.3(syst.). Under this hypothesis, the probability to
observe six or more candidate events is 7 103, equivalent to 2.5 signi cance. At 90% C.L.,
the data are consistent with 0.03(0.04)< sin2 2 13 < 0.28(0.34) for CP = 0 and normal (inverted)
hierarchy
Novel Multi-pixel Silicon Photon Detectors and Applications in T2K
Full text linkNowadays, numerous fields such as High Energy Physics (HEP), medical imaging devices, portable radiation
detectors etc., require a robust, miniature, reliable and readily available photon detector that is stable in a
variety of environments, such as the presence of strong magnetic fields. The recently available 1mm2 active
area Multi-pixel Photon Counter (MPPC) sensors, produced by Hamamatsu Photonics, have been found to be
reliable and an attractive choice for the HEP applications.
The following sensor characteristics have been thoroughly tested by T2K collaboration: gain, dark noise, detec-
tion efficiency, reliability. These appear to be stable; in addition, the characteristic spread between numerous
devices was assessed. Sensors with larger area are being developed for imaging and direct-to-scintillator coupling
purpose
The T2K Experiment
Full text linkThe T2K experiment is a long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment. Its main goal is to measure the last unknown lepton
sector mixing angle 13 by observing e appearance in a beam. It also aims to make a precision measurement of the known
oscillation parameters, m2
23 and sin2 2 23, via disappearance studies. Other goals of the experiment include various neutrino
cross section measurements and sterile neutrino searches. The experiment uses an intense proton beam generated by the J-PARC
accelerator in Tokai, Japan, and is composed of a neutrino beamline, a near detector complex (ND280), and a far detector (Super-
Kamiokande) located 295 km away from J-PARC. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the instrumentation aspect of the
T2K experiment and a summary of the vital information for each subsyste
Data to NEUT and GENIE MC Generators Prediction CC1pi+/CCQE Ratio Comparison for Neutrino Interactions with T2K P?ØD Detector as Input to T2K Oscillation Analysis
Full text linkHistorically, neutrinos were introduces by W. Pauli in 1930. A non-zero rest mass is required to explain the oscillation phenomenon discovered by Super-Kamiokande experiment using atmospheric neutrinos, and later reaffirmed using atmospheric neutrinos and other atmospheric and accelerator experiments. The T2K experiment is an off-axis long baseline neutrino oscillation experiment. It utilizes the intense nu_mu beam generated at the J-PARC accelerator complex in Tokai, Japan. It has a near detector, ND280, at 280m from the proton target, and Super-Kamiokande as far detector at 295 km. The cross-section measurement of the single charged current pi+ production in neutrino interactions is to contribute to our understanding of the background for measurement of the theta_13 mixing angle. However, this cross-section is not known well in the energy region ~0.6GeV that is the peak energy of the T2K neutrino beam. This affects the MC predicted neutrino reaction rates for both near and far detectors. This dissertation compares the ratio of the single charged current pi+ production rate over the charged current quasi-elastic production rate between the data and the predictions of neutrino interaction MC event generators (NEUT and GENIE) using the Pi-Zero detector (POD), a part of the ND280 near detector. This is done for both the water-in and water-out data of 9.89*10^19 and 3.57*10^19 protons on target respectfully. Additionally, the design, construction and the calibration of the POD detector and its constituents, such as extruded scintillator and multi-pixel silicon photo detectors, are explained. | 128 page
Characterization and modeling of a Water-based Liquid Scintillator
Full text linkWe have characterised Water-based Liquid Scintillator (WbLS) using low energy protons,
UV-VIS absorbance, and fluorescence spectroscopy. We have also developed and validated a
simulation model that describes the behaviour of WbLS in our detector configurations for proton
beam energies of 210MeV, 475 MeV, and 2 GeV and for two WbLS compositions. Our results have
enabled us to estimate the light yield and ionisation quenching of WbLS, as well as to understand
the influence of the wavelength shifting of Cherenkov light on our measurements. These results are
relevant to the suitability of WbLS materials for next generation intensity frontier experiment
The T2K ND280 Off-Axis Pi-Zero Detector
Full text linkThe Pi-Zero detector (PØD) is one of the subdetectors that makes up the off-axis near detector for
the Tokai-to-Kamioka (T2K) long baseline neutrino experiment. The primary goal for the PØD
is to measure the relevant cross sections for neutrino interactions that generate 0’s, especially
the cross section for neutral current 0 interactions, which are one of the dominant sources of
background to the μ! e appearance signal in T2K. The PØD is composed of layers of plastic
scintillator alternating with water bags and brass sheets or lead sheets and is one of the first
detectors to use Multi-Pixel Photon Counters (MPPCs) on a large scal
Measurement of the Inclusive μ Charged Current Cross Section on Carbon in the Near Detector of the T2K Experiment
Full text linkT2K has performed the first measurement of νμ inclusive charged current interactions on carbon at
neutrino energies of ∼1 GeV where the measurement is reported as a flux-averaged double differential
cross section in muon momentum and angle. The flux is predicted by the beam Monte Carlo and
3
external data, including the results from the NA61/SHINE experiment. The data used for this
measurement were taken in 2010 and 2011, with a total of 10.8 × 1019 protons-on-target. The
analysis is performed on 4485 inclusive charged current interaction candidates selected in the most
upstream fine-grained scintillator detector of the near detector. The flux-averaged total cross section
is hσCCi = (6.91±0.13(stat)±0.84(syst))×10−39 cm2
nucleon for a mean neutrino energy of 0.85 GeV
Data to NEUT and GENIE MC Generators Prediction CC1pi+/CCQE Ratio Comparison for Neutrino Interactions with T2K P?ØD Detector as Input to T2K Oscillation Analysis
No full text128 pg.Historically, neutrinos were introduces by W. Pauli in 1930. A non-zero rest mass is required to explain the oscillation phenomenon discovered by Super-Kamiokande experiment using atmospheric neutrinos, and later reaffirmed using atmospheric neutrinos and other atmospheric and accelerator experiments. The T2K experiment is an off-axis long baseline neutrino oscillation experiment. It utilizes the intense nu_mu beam generated at the J-PARC accelerator complex in Tokai, Japan. It has a near detector, ND280, at 280m from the proton target, and Super-Kamiokande as far detector at 295 km. The cross-section measurement of the single charged current pi+ production in neutrino interactions is to contribute to our understanding of the background for measurement of the theta_13 mixing angle. However, this cross-section is not known well in the energy region ~0.6GeV that is the peak energy of the T2K neutrino beam. This affects the MC predicted neutrino reaction rates for both near and far detectors. This dissertation compares the ratio of the single charged current pi+ production rate over the charged current quasi-elastic production rate between the data and the predictions of neutrino interaction MC event generators (NEUT and GENIE) using the Pi-Zero detector (POD), a part of the ND280 near detector. This is done for both the water-in and water-out data of 9.89*10^19 and 3.57*10^19 protons on target respectfully. Additionally, the design, construction and the calibration of the POD detector and its constituents, such as extruded scintillator and multi-pixel silicon photo detectors, are explained.Advisor(s): Jung, Chang Kee . Committee Member(s): Yanagisawa, Chiaki ; Gorfinkel, Vera ; Sterman, George.Stony Brook University Libraries. SBU Graduate School in Department of Physics. Charles Taber (Dean of Graduate School)
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