1,720,959 research outputs found
Episode 105: Extinction, Taxidermy and Nonhuman Animals with Sarah Bezan
No full textThis week on Knowing Animals we are joined by Dr. Sarah Bezan. Sarah is a Newton International Fellow with The University of Sheffield Animal Studies Research Centre (ShARC). We discuss her paper ‘Endling Taxidermy: Lonesome George, Global Genomics, and the Iconographies of Extinction’ which will soon appear in the journal Configurations: A Journal of Literature, Science, and Technology
Nature Morte: Decomposing Darwinism's Evolutionary Aesthetics
No full textThis dissertation illuminates how contemporary creative engagements with the evolutionary thinking of Charles Darwin (1809-1882) work to decompose Darwinism’s evolutionary aesthetics. Redefining death and decay as a creative threshold for evolutionary progress, this study demonstrates how innovative fiction, film, poetics and art incite a radical reinterpretation of the principles of life, matter, and being in Darwin’s natural scientific oeuvre. By contextualizing Darwin’s treatises and correspondence in the history of vitalist debates from the nineteenth century to the present, this study identifies four exemplary organisms that foment and sustain decompositional processes: worms, molluscs, corals, and fish. These four case studies are informed by several of Darwin’s book-length studies, including The Zoology of the Beagle (1838), The Voyage of the Beagle (1839), The Structure and Distribution of Coral Reefs (1842), Living Cirripedia and Fossil Cirripedia (1851), On the Origin of Species (1859), and The Formation of Vegetable Mould Through the Action of Worms, With Observations on Their Habits (1881). Reading Darwin’s exploration of life through the lens of decomposition, this dissertation makes two critical interventions. First, it argues that this examination of Darwin’s principle of decomposition in turn reforms our understanding of the intellectual lineage of vitalist philosophy that followed in Darwin’s wake, particularly in the work of Henri Bergson (1859-1941), along with Gilles Deleuze (1925-1995) and Félix Guattari (1930-1992). Second, it contends that the remarkable collection of film, fiction, poetics and art in this analysis portrays the seen and unseen operations of matter across deep time, both in and through the life/death distinction and the human/animal divide. This study concludes that this vitalist principle of decomposition contributes a new and provocative reinterpretation of Darwinism that has so far gone unnoticed ii in classical studies of Darwin by scholars in the History and Philosophy of Science, and that furthermore has important implications for reorienting treatments of death and animality in the fields of New Materialism, Posthumanism, Animal Studies, and the Environmental Humanities more broadly. The collection of creative work explored in this study includes Stephen Collis and Jordan Scott's zoopoetic decomposition of Darwin's book, On the Origin of Species, in their poetry collection decomp (2013), A.S. Byatt's neo-Victorian meditation on vegetable mould and the vermiform in Angels and Insects (1992), filmmaker Peter Greenaway’s pageantry of putrefaction in A Zed and Two Noughts (1985), Rebecca Stott’s historical roman à clef featuring ancient marine life in The Coral Thief (2008), Jason deCaires Taylor’s Anthropocenic underwater coral sculptures (2012-present), Richard Flanagan’s colourful post-modern fiction, Gould’s Book of Fishes (2001), and novelist Jim Crace’s fishy funeral ecology in Being Dead (1999). Each chapter explores how Darwin’s fascination with the “decaying branches” and “fresh buds” of the great Tree of Life inform our understanding of natural history, and moreover continue to shape our responses to urgent issues of the present day, such as the loss of species biodiversity and the decline of ecological habitats. In sum, my analysis of these creative divergences of matter across deep time seeks to unearth the impact of Darwin's thinking in literature, film, art, and poetry of the late twentieth and early twenty-first century. This approach is both dialogical and reciprocal. In other words, the texts of this project extend back to Darwin to creatively re-interpret his thinking of lost life forms, but they also invite new ways of reading and representing Darwinism’s evolutionary aesthetics in and through the imminent crisis of the Anthropocene
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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