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The power of composition
No full textDesigned form is not about creating a good appearance. Nor is it restricted to the small scale. The small scale, however, can be used as a valuable playground and laboratory for large scale landscape designs. Three case studies are compared in which similar compositional principles are used at different scales and complexities: the technical, agricultural, pedagogic social reform landscape of the Gartenreich Dessau-Wörlitz (Duke Leopold III of Anhalt-Dessau, 1760-1830), the theatrical urban design for London connecting the government centre with the landscape panorama (John Nash, 1810-1826) and the residential urban landscape of Borneo-Sporenburg in Amsterdam (West8, 1993-2000). In each we can recognize the formal principles of the picturesque garden. Not the style, image, or shape, but the formal (visual-spatial) principles: landscape fragments that are connected by a route as a scenographic succession of composed scenes or tableaux, using the existing topography as a base. Such timeless compositional principles, as the relation between form and space as the initiator and carrier of structure, are versatile enough to accommodate and generate varying uses and processes. These examples illustrate a landscape architectural position that is in its essence not about problem solving but about creating form as condition for different uses, intended and unintended, expected, and unexpected, for human and non-human practices and experiences.Landscape Architectur
Perception of landscapes, changed by the installation of solar power plants
Full text linkVečanje deleža rabe obnovljivih virov energije (OVE) je med ključnimi ukrepi prehoda k bolj vzdržni produkciji energije. Hitra implementacija objektov za rabo OVE povzroča obsežne spremembe krajine, ki pogosto izzovejo nasprotovanje javnosti. Rezultate takšnih sprememb imenujemo energetske krajine. Raziskava je namenjena ugotavljanju opaznosti sončnih elektrarn (SE) v zaznavanju krajine, določanju značaja energetske krajine in odkrivanju njenih pomenov. Brez zavedanja, da gre za raziskovanje vpliva SE na zaznavanje krajine, so prostovoljci obiskali krajine s SE in dokumentirali svoja opažanja s fotografiranjem in zapisovanjem, nato pa o njih razpravljali v fokusnih skupinah. Izsledki so bili preverjeni z javnomnenjsko anketo. Rezultati kažejo, da so SE zelo opazen objekt v krajini, saj jih je od 28 udeležencev terenskih ogledov fotografiralo 25. Med fotografijami jih je bilo 42 % opisanih negativno, 23 % deljeno in 27 % pozitivno. Večinsko so bile SE opisane kot neskladne z ruralnim značajem krajine, saj vanjo vnašajo modernost in občutek industrializacije, za nekatere pa je bila skladnost SE s krajino odvisna od njene oblikovanosti. Poleg vizualnega in značajskega neskladja s krajino so udeleženci ob opisovanju SE pogosto izpostavljali tudi vrednote, povezane s trajnostjo. V anketi so bile krajine s SE ocenjene kot bolj moderne in posebne. Rezultati kažejo, da energetska krajina še ni prepoznaven tip krajine in da je z domiselnim oblikovanjem, predvsem sledenjem obstoječim strukturam v krajini, možno izboljšati skladnost med SE in krajino ter povečati družbeno sprejemljivost posega.Increasing the share of renewable energy sources (RES) is one of the key measures for the transition to more sustainable energy production. The rapid deployment of RES facilities causes extensive changes in the landscape, which often provoke public opposition. The results of such changes are called energy landscapes. This research determines the noticeability of solar power plants (SPP) in the perception of the landscape, character of the energy landscape and its meanings. Unaware that this was an exploration of the impact of SPP on landscape perception, volunteers visited landscapes with SPP and documented their observations by photographing and writing, and then discussed them in focus groups. The results were verified by a survey of public opinion. The findings show that SPPs are a very noticeable objects in the landscape, as 25 of the 28 field trip participants took photographs of them. 42% of the photographs were described negatively, 23% mixed and 27% positively. For the most part, SPPs have been described as inconsistent with the rural character of the landscape, as they bring modernity and a sense of industrialization into it, and for some, the SPP\u27s coherence with the landscape depended on its design. In addition to the visual and character mismatch with the landscape, participants often highlighted values related to sustainability when describing SPP. In the survey, landscapes with SPP were assessed as more modern and special. The results show that the energy landscape is not yet a recognizable type of landscape and that by careful design, especially by following the existing structures in the landscape, it is possible to improve the coherence between SPP and landscape and increase the social acceptance of the intervention
Fastening high voltage fuse links to the vibrational shaker
Full text linkVisokonapetostne varovalke podjetja ETI Elektroelement, d. o. o., so namenjene varovanju visokonapetostnih električnih tokov. Sestavljene so iz podstavka in talilnega vložka, ki je napolnjen s kremenčevim peskom. Pri procesu polnjenja s peskom se uporablja vibracijski stresalnik, ki talilni vložek optimalno napolni in zagotovi varno delovanje celotne varovalke. Za pravilno obratovanje vibracijskega stresalnika je potrebno določiti ustrezno vpetje talilnega vložka, ki omogoča popoln prenos vibracij in skrbi, da vložek med obratovanjem ne pade z naprave.
Diplomska naloga zajema modeliranje in analizo več vrst vpetij na stresalniku, določitev ustreznega vpetja in opis opravljenih meritev pospeškov vibracij na prototipnem vibracijskem stresalniku.High voltage fuses from the company ETI Elektroelement, d. o. o., are made to protect high voltage electric currents. Fuses consist of the pedestal and the fuse-link, which is filled with quartz sand. To provide a safe operation of the fuse, a vibrational shaker is used when filling the fuse link with sand. To ensure the optimal operation of the vibrational shaker, an appropriate fastening must be determined, which enables total transmission of vibrations from the shaker to the fuse-link and prevents the fuse-link from falling off the vibrational shaker.
The diploma thesis includes modeling of many methods of fastening fuse-links to the vibrational shaker, the determination of the adequate fastening and the description of vibration acceleration measurements, taken on the prototype of the vibrational shaker
The use of automated classification for landscape typology in the case of regional distribution of landscape types in Slovenia
Full text linkReconstruction of the disconnection mechanism of the fuse disconnector switch D02
No full textLočilno stikalo z varovalko STV D02 podjetja ETI Elektroelement, d. o. o., je na trgu prisotno že več kot 25 let. Zaradi spreminjajočih se zahtev in želja trga je potrebna prenova izdelka. Magistrsko delo obravnava rekonstrukcijo stikalnega mehanizma za novi STV D02. Analizirali smo trenutno stanje, trg in konkurenčne naprave. Glavna zahteva pri konstrukciji novega mehanizma je bila preklop stikala neodvisno od uporabnika. Razvili smo pet konceptov stikalnih mehanizmov, dva izločili, preostale tri pa izdelali kot prototipe s pomočjo 3D tiskanja. Po testiranju prototipov smo izbrali najustreznejšega.The fuse disconnector STV D02 by ETI Elektroelement, d. o. o., has been on the market for over 25 years. Due to changing market demands and preferences, the product requires a complete overhaul. This master\u27s thesis addresses the reconstruction of the switching mechanism for the new fuse disconnector. We analyzed the current state, market, and competing devices. The main requirement for the new mechanism\u27s design was a user-independent switch operation. We developed five conceptual switching mechanisms, eliminated two, and used the remaining three to create prototypes using 3D printing. After testing the prototypes, we selected the most suitable one
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Attitudes towards the use of renewable energy sources - the case of Slovenia
No full textBackground: A shift towards renewable energy sources (RES) is needed to reduce humanity’s carbon footprint. The measures for increasing RES are developed on multiple levels, from international policies to concrete developments of projects. They must all be well accepted in society for a successful energy transition (ET). Objectives: The aim was to compare the results of surveys on public attitudes towards ET and RES, particularly on the social acceptance of RES at different levels of consideration and in different measurement contexts. Methods: Triangulation of three data sources on different levels was made: The European Social Survey (ESS), measuring the general attitudes from a cross-country perspectivea national RES survey (as primary quantitative study) regarding the possible national RES scenarios - ranging from general attitudes to opinions about project development, and a qualitative in-situ survey of attitudes towards existing solar power plants as the most specific level. Results: The results from ESS show a discrepancy between accepting the existence of climate change on the one hand and responsibility on the other. National survey on attitudes towards RES shows growing public acceptance of wind and solar power plants but lower acceptance of hydropower across different scales of the survey. The key recognized advantage in wind and solar power plant is their environmental friendliness, while the main disadvantage is the unreliability of the energy source. The survey showed high levels of distrust of national politics in making good decisions about RES. The qualitative in-situ study revealed solar power plants as highly noticeable objects in the landscape, and that individuals often weigh the negative and positive impacts without clearly deciding which one prevails. Discussion: The results across all three surveys indicate high public agreement with the climate change paradigm across the scales but reticence toward tangible environmental measures, especially as the survey context moves from general and abstract towards local and specific. The results indicate a strong material conditionality in forming public attitudes towards energy policy and weak environmental empowerment, further fuelled by low institutional trust in Slovenia. To better understand social acceptance across scales and methodological implications of different measurements, more such comparisons are needed to draw universal or definitive conclusions. Conclusion: Looking at Slovenia\u27s positioning in the European environmental value framework that Slovenia is at a crossroads between European countries with high levels of acknowledgement of the existence of climate change and countries with a pattern of weaker acceptance of the climate paradigm and more concrete decarbonisation measures. In several respects, the results of the primary RES survey suggest that the direct or indirect economic benefits of RES are more often chosen than the environmental benefits. Authors stress that environmental transformation (including RES implementation) will not be successful without a broader societal transformation that ensures an equitable distribution of benefits and risks
Climate change and public attitudes to renewable energy resources
No full textČlanek predstavlja ugotovitve raziskave o odnosu javnosti do obnovljivih virov energije – OVE (SJM 2019/1) in jih postavlja v kontekst mednarodne primerjave stališč o podnebnih spremembah, kot se kažejo iz podatkov Evropske družboslovne raziskave ESS 2016 (modul: Climate Change). Rezultati kažejo na splošno visoko stopnjo soglašanja javnosti s podnebno paradigmo, pri konkretnejših okoljskih ukrepih pa je (tudi evropsko) javno mnenje nekoliko bolj zadržano. Podobne ugotovitve najdemo v študiji OVE. Ta pokaže izrazito favoriziranje vetrnega in sončnega scenarija, ki sta s stališča javnosti podrobneje predstavljena s prednostmi in slabostmi. Pri obravnavi konkretne prostorske umestitve pa se kaže, kako javnomnenjski razmislek počasi drsi iz polja okoljske v polje ekonomske, tržne miselnosti. Primerjalna analiza podatkov ESS kaže podobno sliko, še posebej, ko opazujemo razlike med okoljsko razvitejšimi zahodnoevropskimi in nordijskimi državami ter državami srednje in vzhodne Evrope. Avtorja v zaključku poudarita, da okoljska transformacija (tudi z implementacijo OVE) ne bo uspešna brez širše družbene transformacije, ki bo zagotovila pravično porazdelitev koristi in tveganj.The article presents survey findings concerning public attitudes to renewable energy sources (RES) (SJM 2019/1) within the context of cross-national climate change comparisons from the ESS 2016 Climate Change module. The results indicate a high level of public agreement with the climate change paradigm, yet reticence with respect to concrete environmental measures. Similar findings emerge in the RES study, which shows a strong preference for the wind and solar scenarios, presented in more detail from the public’s perspective, with the advantages and disadvantages. However, when analysing the specific spatial implementation, public opinion slowly has slipped from an environmental to an economic mentality. A comparative analysis of ESS data provides a similar impression, especially when looking at the differences between developed Western European/Nordic countries and Central/Eastern European countries. The authors stress that environmental transformation (including RES implementation) will not be successful without a broader transformation of society which ensures that the benefits and risks are equitably distributed
Small matters: Explaining the city through a medieval wall
Full text linkIn the city of Kranj, Slovenia, three former medieval defence towers were redesigned as public spaces. The three interventions are positioned and discussed within the frame of small-scale interventions, specifically as urban acupuncture. First, small-scale interventions are looked at as an approach to designing open space, and parallels with landscape approach are presented. Second, the Three Towers project is discussed, focussing on the relationship it establishes between the city and its context. As the city is built on top of a conglomerate canyon, the interventions open up the slopes and offer distinct views of the surrounding landscape. In this way, they rediscover and emphasise the relationships between the existing contextual amenities and the city itself. The experience of the site grounds the visitor in a physical and historical context and thus fulfils the mental map one might create of Kranj. In this way, the three small interventions influence the perception of the whole city
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