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TOBACCO CONTROL AND THE LIABILITY OF THE TOBACCO INDUSTRY FOR DAMAGE CAUSED BY TOBACCO PRODUCTS
Get PDFZnanstveno je dokazano da su posljedice (duže) izloženosti duhanskom dimu u visokom stupnju vjerojatnosti oboljenja, tjelesna oštećenja i smrt. Autor u radu prikazuje pravnu regulaciju nadzora nad duhanom na međunarodnoj, regionalnoj i nacionalnoj razini, te analizira pitanje odgovornosti za štetu koja je posljedica aktivnog pušenja i izloženosti duhanskom dimu.
Pitanja odštetne odgovornosti proizvođača duhanskih proizvoda i obeštećenja osoba koje su pretrpjele štetu od duhanskih proizvoda donose brojne dvojbe i kontroverze, te predstavljaju veliki izazov za pravnu znanost i praksu. Navedeno područje odštetne odgovornosti zahtijeva daleko veću pozornost hrvatske pravne znanosti i prakse građanskog prava nego što je to bilo do sada.
Odgovornost (proizvođača) za štetu od duhanskih proizvoda treba urediti kao poseban odštetnopravni sustav. Autor smatra da su objektivna odgovornosti i presumirani kauzalitet ispravan i poželjan put u evoluciji toga novog i posebnog sustava građanskopravne odgovornosti.
U ovom radu autor ne daje cjelovito znanstveno istraživanje navedene problematike, što je svakako nemoguće dati, ali otvara, pokreće i analizira čitav niz složenih i osjetljivih pitanja i problema koji nastaju u ovom području, te daje neke prijedloge za njihovo rješenje.It has been scientifically proven that there is a high probability of chance that the long-term exposure to tobacco smoke will lead to the consequences such as illnesses, physical impairments and death. In this paper the author elaborates on the legal regulations concerning tobacco control at the international, regional and national level, and analyzes the issue of liability for damage caused by active smoking and exposure to tobacco smoke.
The issues relating to liability for damage of tobacco product manufacturers and compensation to those who suffered harmful effects of tobacco products raise a number of dilemmas and controversies and represent a great challenge to the theory and practice of law. The subject of liability for damage requires to be paid more attention to among the Croatian legal science and practice of civil law than it has been the case so far.
The liability (of producers) for harmful effects of tobacco products should be governed as a separate compensation system. The author holds that strict liability and presumed causation are the right and advisable directions to follow in the evolution of this new and distinct civil liability system.
The author of this paper does not do here a thorough research of this particular issue, which is certainly impossible to do, but opens up, initiates and analyzes a range of complex and sensitive issues and problems which occur in this area, and offers some proposals for their resolution
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
TOY SAFETY AND CIVIL LAW LIABILITY FOR DEFECTIVE TOYS
Get PDFSve mjere usmjerene na sprječavanje opasnosti, odnosno izbjegavanje rizika koje predstavljaju igračke ne mogu u cijelosti spriječiti stavljanje u promet i prisutnost opasnih igračaka na tržištu, te nastanak šteta izazvanih neispravnim igračkama. Prevencijskim pravnim pravilima o sigurnosti igračaka, kao i kompenzacijsko-prevencijskim pravilima o odgovornosti za neispravne igračke, nastoji se maksimalno smanjiti broj nezgoda izazvanih neispravnim igračkama, te poticati stavljanje na tržište samo sigurne igračake, odnosno igračke koje predstavljaju nikakvu ili najmanju opasnost, ali i omogućiti ostvarenje naknade štete izazvane neispravnošću igračaka. U radu se analizira pravno uređenje sigurnosti igračaka i odgovornosti za neispravne igračke u pravu Sjedinjenih Američkih Država, Europske unije i hrvatskom pravu. Posebna pozornost posvećena je odnosu i funkcijama privatnopravnog i javnopravnog uređenja sigurnosti igračaka i privatnopravnih pravila o odgovornosti za neispravne igračke.All measures aimed at preventing danger, that is preventing risks associated with toys, cannot entirely prevent the placement of dangerous toys and their presence on the market as well as damages caused by defective toys. Preventive legal rules on toy safety and compensatory-preventive rules governing the liability for damages caused by defective toys have been prescribed under the effort to maximally reduce the number of accidents caused by defective toys and to stimulate placing on the market of only safe toys, i.e. toys presenting no or minimum danger. Toy safety regulations have been set as well as to enable compensation for damages caused by defective toys. The author in the article analyses legal regulations regarding toy safety and liability for defective toys adopted in the United States of America, European Union and Croatia. A special attention has been given to relationship between private legal and public legal toy safety regulations and their functions as well as private legal rules on liability for defective toys
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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