1,721,131 research outputs found
The effect of equivalence scales on poverty at oblast level in Ukraine
Full text linkThis paper aims at properly measuring and evaluating the impact of equivalence scales on poverty and inequality at both national and regional (Oblast) level in Ukraine. A new equivalence scale set is proposed and estimated on the basis of the UHLSC data; for some regions the precision of the estimates results as not being sufficient due to small sub-sample sizes. A variant of EBLUP small area estimation technique is proposed and implemented to properly estimate poverty measures and to reduce standard errors of such estimates; the variant concerned is based on a ratio approach: in this way the effect of the difficult-to-qualify institutional and historical factors, common to the country and its regions, is abstracted
Modelling Fuzzy and Multidimensional Poverty Measures in the United Kingdom with Variance Components Panel Regression
No full textGender Differences in Multidimensional Poverty in Brazil: A Fuzzy Approach
Full text linkThis study aims to improve the measurement of multidimensional poverty for the purpose of analyzing gender differences while considering the limitations of household surveys. To effectively analyze gender disparities, it addresses three issues that are often overlooked in the literature: disregard for within-household inequalities in household-level indicators; disregard for ineligible populations in indicators that represent only a specific group; and disregard for intermediate deprivation situations in cutoff-based poverty estimations. Using data from the Brazilian Consumer Expenditure Survey 2017–2018, we create two indexes with indicators that are key aspects in gender and feminist analyses. Applying a fuzzy approach and the Alkire–Foster method, we estimate multidimensional poverty and gender differences from three perspectives: intrahousehold, interhousehold, and intracouple. We also calculate inequality among the poor and intracouple gender gaps proposing fuzzy versions for these analyses. The main findings suggest that women are disadvantaged in terms of work and time quality, economic security, and access to resources—all of which are crucial components of agency or degree of empowerment
The pandemic of poverty, vulnerability, and COVID-19: Evidence from a fuzzy multidimensional analysis of deprivations in Brazil
No full textThis paper aims to show how much and in which way people in Brazil are deprived in terms of indicators
directly related to the capacity to prevent and recover from infection with COVID-19. We use the Alkire-
Foster (AF) method and a fuzzy-set approach as complements to measure multidimensional poverty
within the context of the coronavirus pandemic. We propose two pandemic-specific indexes to account
for the vulnerability related to the capacity to prevent infection with and to recover from the disease. The
outcomes reveal structural deprivations in the country and considerable inequality among regions and
ethnic groups. Rank correlation analyses suggest that the proposed indexes can trace the trends in
increasing infection and a higher mortality rate in vulnerable regions. Compared to headcount ratio
results, the fuzzy measures have more precise outcomes and are better able to capture the evolution
in mortality patterns. Our empirical evidence offers an additional warning that the pandemic responses
need to prioritize the most vulnerable groups and reinforces the need for coordinated national action
Can a neighbouring region influence poverty? A fuzzy and longitudinal approach
No full textThis chapter provides fuzzy measures of poverty and deprivation, covering both monetary and non-monetary aspects from cross-sectional and longitudinal perspectives. It presents the most important characteristics of the spatial empirical best linear unbiased predictor (SEBLUP), which is the small area technique that people believe is the most appropriate for estimating poverty at the regional level in the European Union (EU), because it includes correlations of poverty among neighbouring regions. The chapter describes the micro-dataset used and the construction of computational units for variance estimation. It explores the EU survey on the statistics on income and living conditions (EU-SILC), a large-scale micro-database, from which people use a subset in our analysis. The primary result obtained is the extension of variance estimation to go beyond measures of monetary longitudinal poverty, specifically using a fuzzy formulation of those measures and, as a corollary, multi-dimensional measures of longitudinal deprivation, which by their nature are a matter of degree - i.e. are fuzzy
Sampling Errors for Measures of Inequality and Poverty
No full textCatalytic activity of [L2.Zn][NO3]2 (L = spiro-N3P3[O2C12 H 8g][N(CH3)NH2]) towards the hydrolysis of two phosphodiesters, [bis(p-nitrophenyl)phosphate, bNPP] and [2-(hydroxypropyl)-p- nitro-phenyl phosphate, hNPP] has been examined. While the rate of hydrolysis of the former is accelerated over a million-fold, the rate of hydrolysis of the latter also is enhanced considerably. Detailed kinetic evaluation of these reactions has been carried out and all the kinetic parameters including the Michaelis-Menten parameters are reported. The catalyst [L2.Zn] [NO3]2 has also been found to be an effective nuclease. Relaxation of supercoiled plasmid DNA, pBR322, occurs in presence of [L 2.Zn][NO3]2 without the need for any exogenous reagents. © Indian Academy of Sciences
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
The Use Of Lightweight Materials In Road Embankment Construction
No full textAbstractConstruction overload on high compressive soils can cause significant settlements as to require the design of an appropriate soil treatment, including load compensation, aimed to hold the stress-strain state present in the soil when undisturbed. Lightweight materials, both natural and/or derived from industrial process, can be used to solve the problem of replacement of large volumes of material. This paper presents some preliminary results obtained from comparative tests on both natural lightweight materials and geofoam samples. Results focus on the possibility to reach adequate performance, allowing lightweight materials to be used for innovative applications such as airport pavement subgrades and embankments
- …
