1,721,175 research outputs found
Gli obblighi internazionali in materia di abitazione adeguata
No full textThis essay concerns the International Obligations on housing rights. The study focuses on the Right to an Adequate House, as part of the fundamental right to an “adequate standard of living” stated by the Universal Declaration on Human Rights (art. 25.1) and by the ICCPR (art. 11.2), and set forth in a specific norm of the revised European Social Charter (art. 31). After the analysis of the relevant norms and of their application at international and internal level (paras 1-6), the study deals extensively with the evolution of the case-law of the European Court of Human Rights, that progressively left wider room to the social dimension of rights pertaining home (paras 7-11). The research is based on one hand on the analysis of negative obligations about House, i.e. the obligations on Forced Evictions (obligation to respect housing rights), and on positive "obligation to protect" houses from violations by private persons. On the other hand, the essay focuses on the complex issue of positive obligations that can be qualified as obligations to fulfill, that are not easily acknowledged and enforced in the field of social rights, due to their strict connection with the autonomy of national authorities in the field of social policy. The study is one of the essays of the “substantial” part (preliminary to the institutional part) of the book edited by the same Author on “Economic Social and Cultural Rights”, that includes essays of various Scholars (F. Bestagno, M. Bothe, F. Costamagna, M. Cremona, P. De Sena, C. Di Turi, C. Dordi, M. Gestri, G. Gori, G. Malinverni, Card. R. Martino, R. Pisillo Mazzeschi, S. Sanna)
Premessa
No full textIntroduzione al volume sui Diritti economici, sociali e culturali. Importanza storica di questa categoria di diritti fondamentali. Importanza di questa pubblicazione nel quadro della collana "Diritti della persona e comunità internazionale"
Il mercato unico dei servizi
No full textLa Direttiva 2006/123/CE "relativa ai servizi nel mercato interno" (nota anche come "Direttiva servizi" o "Direttiva Bolkestein") - cui l'Italia ha dato attuazione con il D. Lgs.59 del 26 marzo 2010 - ha dettato una disciplina-quadro della prestazione dei servizi nell'UE rivolta non a singoli settori, ma all'intera materia dei servizi in generale.
Questo volume, pubblicato nell'imminenza dell'emanazione della Direttiva, ha rappresentato probabilmente la prima trattazione complessiva della disciplina della libertà di prestazione dei servizi nel diritto dell'UE alla luce delle soluzioni e dei problemi che la Direttiva presenta, con la consapevolezza degli ostacoli che ancora incontra la completa realizzazione del "mercato unico dei servizi".The Book edited by Francesco Bestagno with Luca Radicati di Brozolo on The Single Market in Services (“Il Mercato unico dei servizi”) was one of the first books on the wide issue of EU Integration in the field of services after the General Directive on Services 2006/123/CE enacted at the end of 2006 (with the contributions of G. Berardis, F. Bestagno, A. Biondi, R. Luzzatto, A. Malatesta, M. Maresca, R. Mastroianni, M. Merola, E. Moavero Milanesi, B. Nascimbene)
Challenges of Development: Asian Perspectives
No full textThis book collects the essays of a distinguished group of scholars, practitioners and officials focusing on Asia, one of the key areas of the developing world. The themes presented in this book reflect topical challenges faced by this continent in its much striven efforts for development. The editors’ intention has been to promote the knowledge of the perception by Asian Countries of their developing needs and of the policy measures that can be used to foster development. What is the role assigned, in the perspective of key Asian countries, to crucial factors like fundamental rights, the rule of law, environmental protection, trade liberalization? The concepts of development, environmental protection, climate change, use and distribution of natural resources are discussed through the well-known paradigm of sustainable development. But this exercise is more focused, being carried out through the lens of key ideas, and from the perspective of the various countries-areas and the personal views of the respective authors. These key notions are the rights to life and to development, and more generally human rights, equitable distribution of resources, common but differentiated responsibility, the pivotal role of finance, trade and knowledge-and-technology transfer to developing countries to trigger and support sustainable development. Analyzing the challenges of development from an Asian perspective does not lead to results which are only of limited interest to this continent. It is exactly because of its protean complexity that Asia can offer useful lessons for development in other areas of the developing world – and maybe even beyond.
CONTENTS:
FRANCESCO BESTAGNO - LUCA RUBINI, Introduction
SEEMA SAPRA, Sustainable Development and the Role of the Indian Supreme Court
ZHIXIONG HUANG, The Right to Development: The Chinese Perspective
GIUSEPPE GABUSI, From the Roaring Nineties’ to the Doha Stalemate: China’s Development within the WTO Negotiation Framework
CELINE TAN, Financing for Sustainable Development: The Challenges Ahead for Asian Economies
STEFANO INAMA, Is South-South Regionalism in South-East Asia Really Liberalizing Trade? The Implementation of the ASEAN-China Free Trade Area
SIMONA BERETTA, Epilogue: Immaterial Conditions Matter for Sustainable Development
Contributors: Simona Beretta (UCSC, Milan, Italy), Francesco Bestagno (UCSC, Milan, Italy), Giuseppe Gabusi (University of Turin, Italy), Zhixiong Huang (Wuhan University, China), Stefano Inama (UNCTAD, Geneva), Luca Rubini (University of Birmingham, UK), Seema Sapra (Supreme Court lawyer, New Delhi, India), Celine Tan (University of Birmingham, UK)
Il “battesimo del fuoco” della direttiva sui prodotti del tabacco, tra esigenze di armonizzazione e di tutela della salute pubblica
Get PDFI. Introduzione. II. Esigenze di armonizzazione e obiettivi di politica sanitaria. III. Il bilanciamento tra la tutela della salute e altri diritti e libertà enunciati dalla Carta dei diritti fondamentali.On 4 May 2016, the ECJ delivered three judgments concerning the validity of the “Tobacco Products Directive”. This article focuses on the legal basis of this controversial act and on the fundamental rights’ restrictions provided for therein. As for the legal basis, the ECJ's judgments found that, in order to avoid the negative impact of divergent national legislations on the internal market, the EU is allowed to exercise its harmonizing competence in the field of public health, despite this policy being essentially reserved to the Member States. This finding was essentially based on ECJ’s previous case law. With regard to the issue of the fundamental rights’ restrictions raised by private parties in two of the judgments, the Court found these restrictions to be justified under the general limitation clause of art. 52 of the Charter. In more specific terms, the Court affirmed that, in the cases at hand, the EU was allowed to strike a fair balance between the need to respect fundamental rights and freedoms and the need to protect public health. This conclusion was predicated on the provisions of the TFEU and the Charter concerning the attainment of “a high level of protection” of human health. As suggested in this study, this approach of the ECJ can be read as part of a recent attitude towards referring more extensively to art. 35 of the Charter (“Health care”)
Le implicazioni dell'allargamento dell'Unione europea per l'Organizzazione Mondiale del Commercio
No full textThe essay focuses on the implications of the widest Enlargement of European Union (2004) concerning EU International Trade Relations and the EU Membership of the World Trade Organization (WTO). The issue is analyzed from two relevant points of view. In the first part, the topic is investigated in the perspective of the participation of the ten new EU Member States to EU trade treaties: the Enlargement involves the participation of the acceding States to Preferential Trade Agreements binding EU and its fifteen Member States with third Countries, and implies even a complementary impact on the agreements concluded - before their accession to the EU - by the ten new EU Members with third Countries (such as Free Trade Agreements or Bilateral Investment Treaties). Secondly, on the multilateral side, the EU Enlargement is dealt with not only under the traditional approach that remarks the increase of negotiating powers of EU in the WTO trade negotiations. The juridical nature of the EU Enlargement – from the point of view of WTO Law – is an extension to 10 WTO Members (the acceding EU Member States) of a pre-existing Customs Union among 15 WTO Members (i.e. among the former 15 EU Member States). In this perspective, the essay examines on one side the consistency of EU Enlargement with WTO Rules on Regional Integration, i.e. with Article XXIV GATT as a Customs Union, and additionally with Article V GATS as an agreement providing for liberalization of trade in services; on the other side are taken into consideration the predictable impacts of the Enlargement in terms of trade creation effects (within the EU Customs Union) and trade diversion effects (towards other WTO Members), and their consequences under WTO Rules
Il primato dei diritti della persona
No full textOutline on the current relevance of international norms concerning human rights in the international legal order
Danni derivanti da misure restrittive in ambito PESC e azioni di responsabilità contro l’UE
Get PDFNella recente sentenza Bank Refah Kargaran c. Consiglio, la Corte di giustizia ha colto un’opportunità per ridefinire l’estensione della propria competenza in ordine alla PESC. In particolare, la Corte ha considerato di poter giudicare sui ricorsi volti a far valere la responsabilità extracontrattuale dell’UE in ordine a decisioni PESC che prevedono misure restrittive individuali – malgrado questo caso non sia espressamente contemplato dai Trattati come una delle ipotesi in cui la sua giurisdizione sussiste -. Il ragionamento della Corte si fonda sull’esigenza di completezza e coerenza del sistema di tutela giurisdizionale, che rientra tra le caratteristiche dello Stato di diritto. L’articolo mira ad analizzare l’argomentazione della Corte, anche alla luce della recente giurisprudenza dell’UE, valutando anche se e quali implicazioni possano ravvisarsi nella pronuncia più in generale in ordine alla PESC.The exclusion of the CJEU’s jurisdiction as far as concerns the CFSP has been tempered by the recent ruling in Bank Refah Kargaram v. Council of 6 October 2020. In this judgment, the Court affirmed its competence to adjudicate on actions for damages in respect of restrictive measures set out in CFSP decisions, thereby going beyond the wording of art. 275 TFEU. In the Court’s reasoning, actions for damages contribute to the effectiveness of the judicial protection of the rights of persons affected by restrictive measures, within a complete and coherent system of legal remedies. Therefore, actions for damages related to restrictive measures set out in CFSP decisions must be considered as falling within the jurisdiction of the Court, in order to avoid lacunae in the EU judicial system in CFSP area. This article aims to analyse the Court’s reasoning, also in the light of its recent case-law, and to assess whether the ruling has broader implications for the CFSP in general
L'azione risarcitoria come strumento di private enforcement della disciplina di diritto dell'UE sugli aiuti di Stato
No full text1. L'obbligo di risarcimento per violazione del diritto dell'UE e la sua possibile rilevanza in materia di aiuti di Stato. — 2. Ipotesi di responsabilità civile del beneficiario: alcune opportune precisazioni. — 3. L'oggetto dell'azione di risarcimento contro lo Stato e il suo possibile “cumulo” con l'effetto diretto dell'art. 108.3 TFUE. — 4. Autonomia procedurale e condizioni sostanziali comuni della tutela risarcitoria. — 5. La condizione del conferimento di diritti ai singoli: alcune perplessità in riferimento all'art. 108.3 TFUE. — 6. La natura sufficientemente caratterizzata della violazione e le eccezioni prospettabili in materia di aiuti. — 7. La valutazione del nesso di causalità; la rilevanza della struttura del mercato e di decisioni della Commissione (negative o positive). — 8. Varie ipotesi di danni risarcibili e di contraddittorio in materia di prova; un'osservazione sulla cooperazione della Commissione con i giudici nazionali. — 9. I danni per la mancata o tardiva esecuzione di una decisione di recupero (e l'ipotesi dell'ingiunzione provvisoria di recupero). — 10. La (problematica) azione contro lo Stato da parte del beneficiario tenuto alla restituzione dell’aiuto illegale. — 11. Azioni risarcitorie da parte di soggetti che non operano nel settore di erogazione dell’aiuto illegale
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