1,721,092 research outputs found
I centri antifumo in Italia e il progetto 6elle
No full textFumare tabacco si configura spesso come una dipendenza patologica, cronica e recidivante, che
è causata dalla nicotina (tabagismo). Favorire la cessazione del fumo dovrebbe essere parte integrante dell’approccio
clinico di ogni medico o altro operatore sanitario nell’ambito della sua pratica professionale quotidiana.
Le linee guida basate sull’evidenza scientifica raccomandano interventi di I e II livello per la cessazione del fumo,
efficaci e con ottimo rapporto costo/benefico. Il Pediatra si trova in una posizione privilegiata per poter svolgere
azioni volte a favorire la cessazione del fumo in soggetti fumatori adulti, perché questi in virtù della stretta relazione
con i pazienti pediatrici, possono essere più motivati ad intraprendere un tentativo di cessazione del fumo.
Questo articolo descrive brevemente la storia e le caratteristiche operative della rete dei centri antifumo in Italia,
come strutture di servizio per svolgere interventi di II livello, e descrive inoltre il progetto 6elle, che propone un
modello per svolgere interventi individuali di I livello per la cessazione del fumo, facilmente applicabile nella
pratica clinica e basato sull’uso di semplici strumenti operativi, accessibili attraverso un sito web dedicato e applicabili
seguendo una procedura modulare
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Identification of mild Alzheimer’s Disease through automated classification of structural MRI features
No full textThe significant potential for early and accurate detection of Alzheimer's disease (AD) through neuroimaging data is becoming increasingly attractive in view of the possible advent of drugs which are able to modify or delay disease progression. In this paper, we aimed at developing an effective machine learning scheme which leverages structural magnetic resonance imaging features in order to identify and discriminate individuals affected by mild AD on a single subject basis. Selected features included one- and two-way combinations of subcortical and cortical volumes as well as cortical thickness and curvature of numerous brain regions which are known to be vulnerable to AD. Additionally, several feature combinations were fed into support vector machines (SVMs) as well as Naïve Bayes classifiers in order to compare scheme accuracy. The most efficient combination of features and classification scheme, which employed both subcortical and cortical volumes feature vectors and a SVM classifier, was able to distinguish mild AD patients from healthy controls with 86% accuracy (82% sensitivity and 90% specificity). While this investigation is of preliminary nature, and further efforts are currently underway towards automated feature selection, best classifier determination and parameter optimization, our results appear very promising in terms of automated high-accuracy discrimination of disease stages which cannot easily be distinguished though routine clinical investigation
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Multiple Electroencephalogram Recordings for Monitoring the Evolution of Neurological Complications during Baclofen Withdrawal Syndrome
No full textBaclofen withdrawal syndrome represents a clinical emergency that can lead to life-threatening complications. It is often a diagnostic challenge because of its nonspecific nature of presentation and degree of symptom overlap with other clinical diseases. Electroencephalography (EEG) might provide important supporting evidence when neurological complications are involved. We present the case of a 55-year-old woman with sudden onset of motor manifestations at the limbs and an altered mental status 24 hours after cessation of intrathecal baclofen administration, following the removal of the pump due to infection, in whom a computed tomography did not show any acute-onset brain injuries, and multiple EEG recordings were performed. The first EEG showed the presence of bilateral sharply contoured waves, in the absence of epileptic discharges and seizures. No correlation between motor manifestations and EEG changes were detected. This EEG pattern was considered to be the expression of an overexcitation of the central nervous system (CNS) due to the loss of baclofen inhibitory effects, excluding an epileptic origin of motor manifestations. Another EEG, performed 24 hours later, showed the presence of triphasic waves with severe generalised slowing, suggesting the presence of encephalopathy. The last EEG, performed 48 hours after the previous recording, when a recovered state of consciousness was already present, showed regression of the triphasic waves and a reorganisation of the background activity. In our case, repeated EEG evaluation allowed monitoring the evolution of acute encephalopathy developed during baclofen withdrawal syndrome, from the initial phase of CNS hyperexcitability, through the phase of metabolic encephalopathy, and to its resolution. This modality allowed for optimising the diagnostic-therapeutic management of the patient during her stay in the intensive care unit
Network model accounts for evolution of EEG functional connectivity in patients with cognitive decline
No full textggressive forms of dementia like Alzheimer's disease (AD) are known to cause deep structural alterations in the brain of affected subjects. The state of these alterations is nowadays deduced from invasive and/or expensive imaging techniques such as Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Positron Emission Tomography. Herein, we present a novel biophysicallyinspired multi-scale cortical network model of disease progression enabling the reconstruction of AD-related structural alterations from resting state electroencephalography (EEG). The model, based on the The Virtual Brain platform, reproduced EEG features (power spectral alterations and changes in functional connectivity) of subjects in prodromic states of AD, i.e., subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). In particular, the model accounts for the counter-intuitive finding that subjects with SCD display a stronger functional connectivity than both MCI subjects and healthy controls. This model paves the way for an EEG-based reconstruction of patient-specific structural alterations
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