1,720,976 research outputs found
Kantuk Berlebihan di Siang Hari dan Prestasi Akademik di Kalangan Mahasiswa Kedokteran Praklinik Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Surabaya
Full text linkLatar Belakang: Aktivitas akademik menyebabkan siklus tidur dan bangun yang tidak teratur serta kualitas tidur yang buruk pada mahasiswa kedokteran. Rasa kantuk berlebihan di siang hari pada siswa ini dapat menyebabkan rendahnya prestasi dan masalah emosional. Penelitian yang spesifik tentang gangguan tidur mahasiswa kedokteran praklinik dan performa akademik masih jarang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat hubungan antara kantuk berlebihan di siang hari dan prestasi akademik mahasiswa kedokteran praklinik. Metode: Studi potong lintang ini melibatkan seluruh mahasiswa praklinik Program Studi Pendidikan Dokter Universitas Surabaya. Partisipan diminta mengisi formulir dalam Google Form yang berisi pertanyaan demografis dan Epworth-sleepiness scale (ESS). Indeks Prestasi Kumulatif (IPK) dikumpulkan dari Bagian Pendidikan Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Surabaya. Skor ESS ? 10 dianggap mengalami rasa kantuk berlebihan di siang hari dan IPK ? 3.0 sebagai memuaskan. Uji chi-square digunakan untuk melihat perbedaan kejadian kantuk berlebihan di siang hari antar kelompok. Hasil: Secara total, terdapat 162 peserta yang didominasi oleh perempuan (74,1%). Rata-rata skor ESS adalah 10,62 ± 4,55. Berdasarkan skor ESS total, 57,4% partisipan mengalami kantuk berlebihan di siang hari. Tidak ada perbedaan IPK yang signifikan antara mahasiswa dengan dan tanpa kantuk berlebihan di siang hari (p = 0,620). Kesimpulan: Tingginya prevalensi kantuk di siang hari yang berlebihan pada populasi ini tidak berhubungan dengan IPK mahasiswa kedokteran praklinik. Studi selanjutnya harus mempertimbangkan sleep hygiene, faktor gaya hidup termasuk konsumsi teh atau kopi, dan fleksibilitas kognitif siswa
Narrative review: translating DNA methylation in dementia
No full textDNA methylation (DNAm) is a promising biomarker but remains underutilized in routine clinical practice. As an early molecular event, DNAm often occurs before changes in gene expression or protein production, making it valuable for early disease detection. In diabetes, a known risk factor for dementia, changes in DNAm can occur 80–90 days before detectable alterations in protein expression. Furthermore, emerging evidence indicates that DNAm patterns may be present as early as eight years before the onset of dementia. However, DNAm analysis requires specific sample types because methylation is tissue-dependent, and invasive biopsies are often impractical. Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) offers a feasible alternative, as it can reflect brain pathology through analysis of DNAm patterns in accessible body fluids. This review explores the mechanisms of dementia-related cfDNA release and detection in cerebrospinal fluid, blood, tears, saliva, and urine, and highlights the broader applications of DNAm beyond early diagnosis. Future research should carefully address tissue specificity in sample selection and focus on developing simplified DNAm assays to facilitate widespread clinical implementation
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Ocena Soetomo: model oceny we wczesnym rozpoznaniu ostrego udaru krwotocznego
No full textAim of the study: On financial or facility constraints of brain imaging, score model is used to predict the occurrence of acute haemorrhagic stroke. Accordingly, this study attempts to develop a new score model, called Soetomo score. Material and methods: The researchers performed a cross-sectional study of 176 acute stroke patients with onset of ≤24 hours who visited emergency unit of Dr. Soetomo Hospital from July 14th to December 14th, 2014. The diagnosis of haemorrhagic stroke was confirmed by head computed tomography scan. There were seven predictors of haemorrhagic stroke which were analysed by using bivariate and multivariate analyses. Furthermore, a multiple discriminant analysis resulted in an equation of Soetomo score model. The receiver operating characteristic procedure resulted in the values of area under curve and intersection point identifying haemorrhagic stroke. Afterward, the diagnostic test value was determined. Results: The equation of Soetomo score model was (3 × loss of consciousness) + (3.5 × headache) + (4 × vomiting) − 4.5. Area under curve value of this score was 88.5% (95% confidence interval = 83.3–93.7%). In the Soetomo score model value of ≥−0.75, the score reached the sensitivity of 82.9%, specificity of 83%, positive predictive value of 78.8%, negative predictive value of 86.5%, positive likelihood ratio of 4.88, negative likelihood ratio of 0.21, false negative of 17.1%, false positive of 17%, and accuracy of 83%. Conclusions: The Soetomo score model value of ≥−0.75 can identify acute haemorrhagic stroke properly on the financial or facility constrains of brain imaging.Cel: W przypadku ograniczeń finansowych lub lokalizacyjnych w zakresie obrazowania mózgu stosowany jest model oceny, który ma pomóc przewidzieć wystąpienie ostrego udaru krwotocznego. W niniejszym opracowaniu podjęto próbę opracowania nowego modelu oceny, nazwanego oceną Soetomo. Materiał i metoda: Autorzy przeprowadzili przekrojowe badanie 176 pacjentów z ostrym udarem, który wystąpił w ciągu ≤24 godzin, przyjętych na oddział pomocy doraźnej szpitala Dr Soetomo w okresie od 14 lipca do 14 grudnia 2014 roku. Diagnoza udaru krwotocznego była potwierdzana tomografią komputerową głowy. Stwierdzono siedem predyktorów udaru krwotocznego, które poddano analizom dwuwymiarowym i wielowymiarowym. Ponadto dzięki wielowymiarowej analizie dyskryminacyjnej uzyskano równanie dla modelu oceny Soetomo. Otrzymana charakterystyczna procedura operacyjna przyniosła wartości obszaru poniżej krzywej i punktu przecięcia określającego udar krwotoczny. Następnie określono wartość badania diagnostycznego. Wyniki: Równanie modelu oceny Soetomo było następujące: (3 × utrata przytomności) + (3,5 × ból głowy) + (4 × wymioty) – 4,5. Wartość pola pod krzywą dla tej oceny wyniosła 88,5% (95% przedział ufności = 83,3–93,7%). Przy wartości oceny Soetomo ≥−0,75 uzyskano czułość 82,9%, swoistość 83%, wartość predykcyjną dodatnią 78,8%, wartość predykcyjną ujemną 86,5%, wskaźnik wiarygodności wyniku dodatniego 4,88, wskaźnik wiarygodności wyniku ujemnego 0,21, odsetek wyników fałszywie ujemnych 17,1%, odsetek wyników fałszywie dodatnich 17% oraz dokładność 83%. Wnioski: Wartość oceny Soetomo ≥−0,75 może pomóc prawidłowo rozpoznać ostry udar krwotoczny w przypadku ograniczeń finansowych lub lokalizacyjnych w zakresie obrazowania mózgu
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