1,720,972 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Exploring the complex policy formulation process of the draft Control of Marketing of Alcoholic Beverages Bill in South Africa
Get PDFInternational literature suggests that corporate influence is evident when governments attempt to regulate products implicated in non-communicable disease, such as tobacco, asbestos, pollution, and foods, such as trans-fat, salt and sugar. These lifestyle diseases are aptly referred to as 'industrial epidemic', since industries profit from the public's continued consumption of such products. Of these 'industrial epidemics', alcohol is a major contributor to the health burden in South Africa. In the year 2000, 7.1% of all deaths and 7% of total disability-adjusted life years have been ascribed to alcohol-related harm in the country. The tangible and intangible costs of alcohol-related harm amount to 10-12% of South Africa's 2009 Gross Domestic Product. Literature suggests that limiting alcohol use could prevent the incidence of violence, injury, risky sexual behaviours, several forms of cancer, and neuropsychiatric and physical diseases. The World Health Organisation (WHO) released two documents, The Global strategy to reduce the harmful use of alcohol (2010b) and The Global Status Report on Non-communicable Diseases (2010a), detailing the negative effects of alcohol consumption for societies. Both documents recommend that decreasing alcohol consumption through banning of alcohol advertising would have significant public health benefits, although an integrated strategy is necessary to mitigate alcohol abuse including taxation, increasing prices, limiting places of sales and increasing education on the topic. In response, the South African government proposed a draft regulation aimed at restricting alcohol advertising as an evidence-based upstream intervention. The draft Control of Marketing of Alcoholic Beverages Bill is in the process of undergoing impact assessments to determine the impact this regulation may have on South African society. Literature suggests that industry employs various political strategies to avoid such regulation. However, little is known about the strategies the alcohol industry potentially uses to influence policy development in South Africa. There is a lack of knowledge on the current strategies used by the alcohol industry to influence policy; the draft Control of Marketing of Alcoholic Beverage Bill is a case in point. This study sought to explore the complex policy formulation process in South Africa, using the draft Control of Marketing of Alcoholic Beverages Bill as a tracer case and focused on the alcohol industry, as a central actor, to understand how it - together with other actors - may influence this process. A qualitative case study approach was used, which included stakeholder mapping, 10 in-depth interviews and review of approximately 240 documents. This study makes use of two conceptual frameworks. The first framework, Berlan et al. (2014) is used to understand policy formulation as a process with multiple facets. The second framework, Roberts et al. (2004), provides four typologies of political strategies that health reformers/advocates/lobbyists employ to influence the policy process. A thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. Key themes identified were: (1) Competing and shared values - different stakeholders promote conflicting ideals for policymaking; (2) Inter-department jostling - different government departments seek to protect their own interests, hindering policy development; (3) Stakeholder consultation in democratic policymaking – policy formulation requires consultation even with those opposed to regulation; (4) Battle for evidence – industry sought to assemble evidence to use as 'ammunition' in opposition to the ban. It was concluded that networks of actors with financial interest use diverse strategies to influence policy formulation processes to contest proposed regulation. Using the policy formulation process of the draft Control of Marketing of Alcoholic Beverages Bill as a tracer case, this research is a critical enquiry into how the for-profit industry affects public health interests in South Africa; such a critical enquiry could also be applied to other non-communicable diseases. Research suggests that industries have more difficulty in pushing their agenda when policymakers are well informed, are aware of the evidence-based practice and are not motivated by economic arguments alone. There is also a lack of research that focuses on health policy analysis in low and middle-income countries, and there is a lack of research focusing on the policy formulation process in particular. Therefore, this research aims to fill a gap in addressing a lack of research on health policy analysis in the context of a middleincome country. The implications of the study are that measures to insulate policy development are needed to prevent industry influence potentially undermining public health goals, such as: government to moderate certain consultations with industry; industry to declare conflict of interest; guidelines for bureaucrats and policymakers to advise on whose evidence to consider; and guidelines for bureaucrats and policymakers to assess quality of evidence
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Understanding complexity: can systems thinking help address industry influence on public health policy?
No full textDispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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