1,720,993 research outputs found
The relationship between jump and sprint performance in preschool children
No full textBackground: Physical activity may help prevent the development of adverse health disorders in children. Thus, it is fundamental to assess key physical skills, such as jumping and running, from an early age. Several studies proposed test batteries to evaluate these motor skills in preschoolers, but no research studied their association. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the relationship between jump performance, including force production parameters, and sprint performance in preschool children. Methods: Twenty-nine preschoolers, aged 4 to 5, underwent assessments, including countermovement jumps (CMJ) and standing long jumps (SLJ) on a force plate. Then they performed a 10-meter linear sprint assessed using photocells. Results: Regression models revealed that SLJ distance emerged as a significant predictor (R2=49.3%, P<0.001) of sprint horizontal velocity, while, for sprint momentum (R2=34.3%), both SLJ distance (P=0.004) and SLJ vertical peak force (P=0.036) were found to be significant predictors. Conclusions: The findings showed that short-distance (i.e., 10 m) linear sprint performance, both velocity and momentum, in preschoolers may be predicted mainly using SLJ assessment. These findings underscore the importance of early motor skill development in shaping physical abilities and their potential relationship in preschool children
The role of age and maturation on jump performance and postural control in female adolescent volleyball players over a season
No full textBackground Jump performance and postural control are essential for success in technical/tactical actions and overall playing performance in volleyball. Youth athletes undergo significant physical and neuromuscular development during adolescence, which can impact these abilities. This study examined the effect of age and biological maturity, assessed as the distance from peak height velocity using the maturity offset (MO), on vertical and plyometric jumping abilities and postural control in adolescent female volleyball players across different age categories throughout a competitive season. Methods Forty-five adolescent volleyball players (aged 12.5 to 17) from four age categories (U13, U14, U16, U18) of the same club participated in three testing sessions during a season. Jump performance was assessed through countermovement (CMJ) and drop jump (DJ) tests, while postural control was measured using a static balance task. All tests were conducted using force plates, sampling at 1000 Hz (for jumps) and 100 Hz (for static balance test), to study force-related and CoP outcomes, respectively. MANCOVA models were applied for each assessment to examine the effects of age category and season timepoint on selected performance variables, including MO as a covariate to account for the maturation effect. Follow-up univariate and linear regression models were performed in case of significance from the multivariate analysis. Results MO significantly differed among all the age categories and session timepoints (p < 0.001). CMJ multivariate analysis revealed significant results regarding the session (p = 0.010, eta(2)(p) = 0.49) and MO (p = 0.025, eta(2)(p) = 0.29) effects, but not for age category (p = 0.165) or age category x session interaction (p = 0.152). Conversely, DJ and postural control showed no significant results for any studied effect. The session timepoint had a significant effect on the CMJ concentric impulse, while MO was significantly positively associated with peak power, jump momentum, concentric impulse, and eccentric impulse (p < 0.001, R-2 = 0.31-0.57). Conclusions The results emphasize the specific influence of biological maturation on power and force production during vertical jumps, while other specific plyometric and postural control adaptations seem to be less sensitive to chronological age and maturational changes during the adolescence period in female volleyball players
On the relationship between flexibility and jump performance across age and sex: A 15-season retrospective longitudinal study on 229 alpine ski racers
No full textAlpine skiing performance depends on several qualities, including lower limb strength, power production and flexibility. However, how these physical skills, as well as their relationship, differ between sexes and evolve in growing skiing athletes is still unclear. We analysed sit-and-reach (SR) and three jump test (height and peak power) scores of over 200 alpine ski racers collected across 15 sports seasons. We stratified data among sex and age categories to assess differences and to interpret the relationships between flexibility and jump performance. The mixed models showed a significant age category and sex effect (p < 0.001) for all the flexibility and jump performance scores, with males having higher jump scores but lower SR scores than females, and all performance scores increasing significantly through the age categories. The regressions between SR and the jump scores performed on the whole database were positively significant for the three jump variations (p < 0.001, R-2 ranging from 8.9% to 15.9%), while when the relationship was reanalysed independently in each age-sex group, only some were significant. Both age and sex influenced the performance in the investigated lower limb power and flexibility qualities, along with their relationship. The presented results suggest that lower limb power and flexibility should be longitudinally assessed, as well as their relationship, for training and testing purposes, considering the sex and growth-related modifications
EFFECTS OF MOTIVATIONAL MUSIC ON PERCEIVED EXERTION DURING AEROBIC EXERCISE
No full textINTRODUCTION: Music is associated with improved physical performance in a wide range of activities. When music is used during physical activity, it can elicit positive emotions and distract athletes from unpleasant feelings associated with physical exertion and fatigue(1). Some evidence shows no effect of time of day on the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) during aerobic performances(2). The aim of this study was to test the influence of self-selected motivational music, and time of training on RPE during a cycling exercise at moderate and vigorous intensity.
METHODS: Forty-seven university students were recruited: 24 males and 23 females (age 22.6±2.4 yrs; BMI 21.9±2.7 kg/m2; V’O2max 39.3±7.6 mlO2/kg/min). All subjects performed four randomized training sessions at two different times of day, with and without self-selected motivational music(3): two sessions in the morning from 8:30 am to 9:30 am (MO+M; MO-M) and two sessions in the evening from 5:30 pm to 6:30 pm (EV+M; EV-M). Each training session included 6 min of cycling at constant load at 60% of V’O2max (MOD), interspersed by a 10-min break, and at 90% (VIG) of V’O2max, estimated from a submaximal direct test. At the end of each 6-min bout, CR10 Borg’s scale(4) was administrated to rate fatigue.
RESULTS: RPE was significantly influenced by music, indeed it decreased during exercise performed with self-selected motivational music both at MOD (MO+M: 2.3±1.2; MO-M: 2.6±1.3; EV+M: 2.2±1.1; EV-M: 2.5±1.3; p=0.025) and VIG (MO+M: 6.1±2.0; MO-M: 6.8±1.9; EV+M: 6.5±2.1; EV-M: 6.7±2.0; p=0.001) intensity, regardless of gender. Conversely, time of day did not influence RPE neither at MOD nor at VIG intensity, in both gender.
CONCLUSION: This research, taking into account both the influence of music and of time of day, confirms previous find-ings of a positive effect of motivational music(5) and no influence of time of day(2) on RPE. Exercisers are advised to listen to self-selected motivational music while training, which would help them to feel less fatigue and maintain a better adher-ence to their physical activity program.
References:
(1) Terry PC. Psychol Bull. 2020;146(2):91-117.
(2) Chtourou H. J Strength Cond Res. 2012;26(7):1984-2005.
(3) Karageorghis. Psychol Sport Exerc. 2014;15(3):299-310.
(4) Borg E. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2006;16(1):57-69.
(5) Clark JC. J Strength Cond Res. 2021;35(6):1656-1661
CAN SELF-SELECTED MOTIVATIONAL MUSIC AFFECT HEART RATE DURING AND POST AEROBIC WORKOUT?
No full textINTRODUCTION: Listening to self-selected motivational music (Terry, 2020) during aerobic exercise may induce an excita- tory stimulus on physiological parameters (Ballman, 2021), such as the heart rate (HR), in correlation with exercise intensi- ty. However, the effect of music on the recovery phase seems to present an entirely new area of research in the available literature, particularly regarding short-time recovery (Karageorghis, 2012). The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of self-selected motivational music on HR during recovery.
METHODS: Forty university students (age 22.7±2.6 yrs; BMI 21.8±2.5 kg·m-2; V̇O2max 39.7±7.9 mLO2·kg-1·min-1) per- formed different training sessions with (+M) and without (-M) self-selected motivational music. They were divided into three percentile categories (high, average and low) according to their cardiorespiratory fitness level (V̇O2max), assessed by a submaximal cycling direct test. During each training session, two 6-minute square-wave cycling bouts were per- formed, interspersed with 10 min of recovery, at two different intensities: 60% of V̇O2max (Mod) and 90% of V̇O2max (Vig). Each condition was replicated during two different moments of the day, morning (MO) and evening (EV), for a total of four training sessions. HR was continuously monitored in order to analyse HR peak during exercise (HRpeak), HR at the 1st minute of recovery (HRrec) and the difference between HRpeak and HRrec (ΔHR%).
RESULTS: For the entire group of subjects, no influence of music or time of the day was found. Subjects with high and aver- age V̇O2max obtained a significantly (p<0.05) faster recovery when compared with those with low V̇O2max, inde- pendently of music condition (high V̇O2max: EV+M 12,4±4,4; EV-M 12,4±4 ΔHR%; average V̇O2max: EV+M 10,7±3,9; EV-M 10,8±4,2 ΔHR%; low V̇O2max: EV+M 6,3±2,8; EV-M 5,7±3,4 ΔHR%). At Mod intensity, subjects with high V̇O2max, inde- pendently of the time of the day, obtained significantly greater HRpeak and HRrec values in +M condition compared to -M (HRpeak: MO+M 138.4±11.7; MO-M 136.5±12.6; EV+M 138±8.9; EV-M 134.7±8.3 bpm, p=0.0278; HRrec: MO+M 118.8±11.1; MO-M 119.5±15.5; EV+M 120.2±9.9; EV-M 116.9±8.9 bpm, p=0.0364). In general, listening to motivational music during recovery phase does not affect ΔHR%. No differences emerged for Vig condition.
CONCLUSION: Untrained subjects have a slower recovery phase compared with more trained subjects, and listening to music after the workout doesnt help bridge the gap. Moreover, listening self-selected motivational music, during aerobic exercise and during recovery, in trained subjects, seems to negatively affect recovery capacity, independently of the time of the day.
REFERENCES:
Ballmann CG. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol. 2021 Apr 8;6(2):33. Karageorghis CI. Int Rev Sport Exerc Psychol. 2012 Mar;5(1):67-84. Terry PC. Psychol Bull. 2020 Feb;146(2):91-117
Enhancing Inclusive Sport Participation for Students with Special Needs through VR and Rowing Simulator
No full textInclusive sport participation for students with disabilities, particularly those within the ASPOC association [1] (Aged 18-24) demographic, remains a challenge in many educational and recreational settings. This paper proposes a novel approach utilizing Virtual Reality (VR) and mixed reality technologies to enhance the inclusion and engagement of ASPOC students in sporting activities [2]. Focusing on kayak and rowing simulations, this study explores the potential of immersive experiences to promote physical activity, skill development, and social inclusion among ASPOC students. By integrating VR and mixed reality technologies personalized adaptive experiences can be tailored to meet individual needs, preferences, and abilities. The paper discusses the design considerations, implementation strategies, and potential impacts of this innovative approach on fostering inclusive sport environments for ASPOC students
Assessing Sport-Related Physical Fitness in Young Alpine Ski Racers: A Proposed Framework for Longitudinal Testing
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