1,721,100 research outputs found
Sexual violence: from society to the family
No full textGendered violence is defined as violence that is perpetuated on women across all societies, communities and groups and that is justified on the basis of sex differences. Various authors have stressed the fact that sexual categories are social constructs that act as a lens through which we model, shape and behave in the world. Gender violence is considered a violation of human rights as it denies equality, security, dignity and the right of individuals to enjoy their fundamental freedoms and rights. Within the policies of the European Union whose goal of preventing and combating violence against women has been pronounced, the project Empower has been instituted in order to break the cycle of violence and victimization passed from the mother to the daughter through the use of psychodrama technique
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Oligogalacturonide-induced changes in the developmental pattern of Daucus carota L. somatic embryos
No full textOligogalacturonides (OGs) are pectic fragments released from the plant cell wall. These signalling molecules are well known
elicitors of biological responses ranging from defense mechanisms to growth and developmental responses. Using as a model system the carrot somatic embryo development, we have investigated the morphogenetic activity of OG mixtures with different degrees of polymerization (DP). Our results provide evidence that long OGs (DP 9-18) administered at the onset of embryogenesis slow down
the temporal sequence of the embryo maturation, induce H2O2 accumulation in the embryogenesis culture medium, and alter the embryo developmental pattern with remarkable modifications of the shoot pole. A globular stage-specific sensitivity to the elicitor is demonstrated, indicating that juvenile stages of embryogenesis are key steps in the induced developmental program. Even short OGs
(DP 1-5) were found to affect the embryogenesis. This agrees with the finding that developing embryos were able to modify the applied OG molecules, indicating the participation of gradually generated shorter OGs in the induced morphological changes. The antagonist behaviour of OGs on auxin activity, already reported for other aspects of plant growth and development, is suggested as a possible explanation for the modified pattern of embryogenesis observed
Unveiling whole-brain dynamics in normal aging through Hidden Markov Models
Full text linkDuring normal aging, the brain undergoes structural and functional changes. Many studies applied static functional connectivity (FC) analysis on resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) data showing a link between aging and the increase of between-networks connectivity. However, it has been demonstrated that FC is not static but varies over time. By employing the dynamic data-driven approach of Hidden Markov Models, this study aims to investigate how aging is related to specific characteristics of dynamic brain states. Rs-fMRI data of 88 subjects, equally distributed in young and old were analyzed. The best model resulted to be with six states, which we characterized not only in terms of FC and mean BOLD activation, but also uncertainty of the estimates. We found two states were mostly occupied by young subjects, whereas three other states by old subjects. A graph-based analysis revealed a decrease in strength with the increase of age, and an overall more integrated topology of states occupied by old subjects. Indeed, while young subjects tend to cycle in a loop of states characterized by a high segregation of the networks, old subjects' loops feature high integration, with a crucial intermediary role played by the dorsal attention network. These results suggest that the employed mathematical approach captures the complex and rich brain's dynamics underpinning the aging process
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