177,327 research outputs found
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Letter from R. R. Zellick, Assistant Trust Officer, Anglo California National Bank of San Francisco, to Joseph R. Goodman, October 2, 1942
No full textLetter from R. R. Zellick, Assistant Trust Officer at The Anglo California National Bank of San Francisco, to Joseph R. Goodman, regarding property owned by Dave Tatsuno. Zellick mentions a dispute between current tenants and Tatsuno, and that Tatsuno has asked Goodman to help locate trustworthy tenants.Personal correspondence, organizational records, government documents, publications, and other papers created or collected by Joseph R. Goodman documenting the forced removal and incarceration of Japanese Americans during World War II, as well as organized resistance to incarceration. Included in the collection are records of the Japanese Young Men's Christian Association and the Japanese American Citizens' League in San Francisco, including papers of the Japanese YMCA's executive secretary Lincoln Kanai; Sakai family papers; Goodman's correspondence to and from Japanese American incarcerees, organizations opposing forced removal and incarceration of Japanese Americans, the War Relocation Authority, and others; publications, photographs, and ephemera from the Topaz Relocation Center, where Goodman taught high school; War Relocation Authority records and publications; and newspaper clippings, pamphlets, and reports about forced removal and incarceration created by various government, religious, and civic organizations, in California and nationwide
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Liftings for noncomplete probability spaces
No full textThe current state of knowledge concerning liftings for noncomplete probability spaces is discussed. This is a somewhat expanded version of the author's talk given at the 1991 Summer Conference on General Topology and Applications in Honor of Mary Ellen Rudin and Her Work.PT: S; CR: BURKE MR, IN PRESS P AM MATH S BURKE MR, 1991, ISRAEL J MATH, V73, P33 BURKE MR, 1992, ISRAEL J MATH, V79, P289 CARLSON T, THEOREM LIFTING CHRISTENSEN JPR, 1974, TOPOLOGY BOREL STRUC FREMLIN DH, 1989, HDB BOOLEAN ALGEBRAS, P877 INOESCUTULCEA A, 1966, 5TH P BERK S MATH ST, V2 IONESCUTULCEA A, 1967, CONTRIBUTIONS PROB 1, P63 IONESCUTULCEA A, 1969, TOPICS THEORY LIFTIN JECH TJ, 1978, SET THEORY JOHNSON RA, 1980, P AM MATH SOC, V80, P234 JUST W, IN PRESS T AM MATH S KUPKA J, 1983, INDIANA U MATH J, V32, P717 LOSERT V, 1983, LNM, V1080, P95 MAHARAM D, 1958, P AM MATH SOC, V9, P987 SHELAH S, 1983, ISRAEL J MATH, V45, P90 TALAGRAND M, 1982, P AM MATH SOC, V84, P379 VONNEUMANN J, 1931, CRELLES J MATH, V165, P109; NR: 18; TC: 0; J9: ANN N Y ACAD SCI; PG: 4; GA: BZ86BSource type: Electronic(1
Studies on nuclear receptors involved in drug metabolism
No full textThe molecular basis for drug metabolism is starting to emerge as a result of cloning and characterization of a group of nuclear receptors that respond to drugs by transcriptional regulation of key genes encoding enzymes involved in metabolism of commonly used drugs. This thesis describes the identification and functional, as well as the structural, characterization of one of these receptors, the human pregnenolone activated receptor (hPAR, NR1I2) that also has been referred to as the pregnane X receptor (PXR) or the steroid and xenobiotic receptor (SXR) by others. Functional characterization of this, and the closely related, constitutively active receptor CAR (NR1I3) has shown that both PXR and CAR are important for cytochrome P450 gene induction and thus are likely to be important mediators of drug metabolism.PXR was identified by homology searching of human EST databases and two differentially spliced mRNAs were cloned. The expression was high in liver and intestine, and PXR was activated by a large and chemically diverse group of compounds including drugs metabolized by CYP3A4. A transient transfection study using an expression plasmid for PXR together with a luciferase reporter construct, containing a part of the CYP3A4 promoter (- 176 to - 146), showed that PXR induced the expression of this reporter. Based on this study we suggested that PXR was a novel sensor for sterol and xenobiotic metabolism. To further investigate the regulatory role of PXR in CYP3A induction we cloned approximately 10 kb of both the CYP3A7 and the CYP3A4 gene promoters. These two promoters exhibited 90 % sequence identity up to -8,8 kb, indicating a close evolutionary distance between the two genes. A combination of promoter deletion analyses and transient transfections suggests that PYCR and CAR are important for CYP3A4 and CYP3A7 gene induction through a functionally conserved distally located xenobiotic responsive enhancer module. Taken together, we propose that PXR and CAR play important roles in xenobiotic regulation, not only for CYP3A4 regulation in adults, but also for CYP3A7 to protect the embryo against endogenous and exogenous toxins.The chemically broad activation profile of PXR suggested that this receptor could be structurally related to the PPARs (NR1C1-3), another subgroup of orphan nuclear receptors with promiscuous ligand binding proper-ties. We found from the crystal structure of the PPAR gamma ligand binding domain that this receptor has a larger and more accessible ligand binding pocket than other nuclear receptors binding to a structurally more limited set of ligands. We also made a model of the ligand binding domain of PXR based on the available co-crystal structure of VDR (NR1I1), and 1alpha 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. The model indicated important residues of the ligand binding pocket of PXR. We mutated polar residues from human to mouse and tested them in transient transfection in combination with species specific compounds. The results have increased our understanding for species specific ligand binding to PXR. In addition, we also made a single point mutation in PYR that yielded a constitutive active form of the receptor.PPARgamma agonists belonging to the thiazolidinedione (TZD) class of compounds are currently used for treatment of diabetes type 2. Troglitazone, a TZD, is known to induce CYP3A4 activity. The TZI)s troglitazone, pioglitazone and rosiglitazone were all found to activate PXR on a CYP3A4 promoter. Furthermore an insulin sensitizing non-TZD ligand, JTT-501, did not activate the nuclear receptor PXR but dually activated PPAR alpha and gamma. Therefore JTT is less likely to mediate drug- interactions due to PXR mediated CYP3A4 induction. In conclusion, screening against PXR activation is predicted to be a valuable tool in pre-clinical drug development to obtain better and safer drugs.List of scientific papersI. Bertilsson G, Heidrich J, Svensson K, Asman M, Jendeberg L, Sydow-Backman M, Ohlsson R, Postlind H, Blomquist P, Berkenstam A (1998). "Identification of a human nuclear receptor defines a new signaling pathway for CYP3A induction" Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 13;95(21): 12208-13 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9770465II. Bertilsson G, Berkenstam A, Blomquist P (2001). "Functionally conserved xenobiotic responsive enhancer in cytochrome P450 3A7" Biochem Biophys Res Commun 12;280(1): 139-44 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11162490III. Uppenberg J, Svensson C, Jaki M, Bertilsson G, Jendeberg L, Berkenstam A (1998). "Crystal structure of the ligand binding domain of the human nuclear receptor PPARgamma" J Biol Chem 20;273(47): 31108-12 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9813012IV. Bertilsson G, Berkenstam A, Poellinger L, Uppenberg J (2001). "Identification of residues in PXR ligand binding domain, critical for species specific activation" (Manuscript)V. Bertilsson G, Liang Y, Jendeberg L, Selén G, Colca J, Heidrich J, Sydow-Bäckman M, Fiedler M, Sjöberg A, Thornström U, Alberts P, Persson S, Multan U, Blomquist P, Berkenstam A (2001). "The novel insulin sensitizer, PNU1827 (JTT-501), acts as a selective PPAR modulator" (Manuscript)</p
Hansen, Lee (Lee R.). Union, non-union, and managerial pay plan state employees, 2008-2019
No full text1 online resource (2 pages)"July 1, 2021."Provides the number of union and non-union state employees in each of the last 14 years. Also provides the number of state employees paid under the state's managerial pay plan during each of those years. Updates OLR research report 2019-R-011
Picturing the Bronze Age /
No full textIncludes bibliographical references.The Swedish rock art research archives and picturing the Bronze Age : an introduction / Johan Ling, Peter Skoglund and Ulf Bertilsson -- From folk oddities and remarkable relics to scientific substratum : 135 years of changing perceptions on the rock carvings in Tanum, Northern Bohuslän, Sweden / Ulf Bertilsson -- Hyper-masculinity and the construction of gender identities in the Bronze Age rock carvings of southern Sweden / Lynne Bevan -- Mixed media, mixed messages : religious transmission in Bronze Age Scandinavia / Richard Bradley -- Walking on the stones of years : some remarks on the north-west Iberian rock art / R. Fábregas Valcarce and C. Rodríguez-Rellán -- A rock with a view : new perspectives on Danish rock art / Louise Felding -- Rock art and the alchemy of bronze : metal and images in early Bronze Age Scotland / Andrew Meirion Jones -- The "stranger king" (bull) and rock art / Michael Rowlands and Johan Ling -- Trading images : exchange, transformation and identity in Valcamonica rock-art between the Bronze Age and the Iron Age / Alberto Marretta -- Carl georg brunius : a pioneer in Swedish petroglyph research from the early nineteenth century / Jarl Nordbladh -- The maritime factor in the distribution of Bonze Age rock art in Galicia / Manuel Santos-Estévez and Alejandro Güimil-Fariña -- The alpine and Scandinavian rock art in the Bronze Age : a common cultural matrix in a web of continental influences / Umberto Sansoni -- Rock art as history : representations of human images in a historical perspective / Peter Skoglund -- Sword-wielders and manslaughter : recently discovered images on the rock carvings of Brastad, western Sweden / Andreas Toreld
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