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George's Cube - Kinematic model for a flexible architecture and a modern understanding of space
Get PDFArchitekturziel ist stets der für die jeweilige Anforderung optimale Grundriss. Aber was ist schon optimal? Das Optimum ist auch in der Architektur immer eine "Tochter der Zeit", also stets nur aus dem jeweiligen gesellschaftlichen Kontext heraus zu beurteilen; der ideale Grundriss würde daher Adaptionsfähigkeit und einen möglichst hohen Flexibilitätsgrad erfordern. Kaum anders als in den vergangenen Jahrhunderten, sind jedoch Architekturkonzepte, die Veränderung bzw. Wandelbarkeit ermöglichen, auch heute weitgehend die Ausnahme. Nähert man sich diesem Thema objektiv und vorurteilsfrei, so ergeben sich u.a. Fragen wie: Warum muss ein Grundriss starr und unveränderbar sein? Wäre es nicht faszinierend, Räume der jeweiligen Situation entsprechend anzupassen? Den Innenraum zum Außenraum werden zu lassen? Flächen, die gerade nicht benötigt werden, schlicht und ergreifend auszulagern? Bei einem erhöhten Flächenbedarf, die Grundfläche einfach erweitern zu können? Zwangsläufig entsteht dadurch jedoch ein Widerspruch zum häufig anzutreffenden hehren Anspruch, dass Architektur für die "Ewigkeit" gedacht und realisiert wird. Aus diesem Ewigkeitsanspruch einerseits und dem Flexibilitätsbedarf andererseits zeigt sich für den Autor eine Diskrepanz, welche sich letztlich in der Nichtexistenz von Gebäuden manifestiert, die den jeweiligen Nutzern die Realisierung wechselnder Bedürfnisse sowie eine weitgehende Flexibilität ermöglichen würden; er geht daher in der vorliegenden Masterarbeit davon aus, dass eine moderne, zeitgemäße Architektur im 3. Jahrtausend stets ein "Bauen auf Zeit" sein sollte. Dabei liegt sein Fokus auf der Entwicklung von räumlichen Strukturen, die, ohne nachträgliche Baumaßnahmen, spontan und verzögerungsfrei durch und für die Nutzer an wechselnde Verhältnisse ange-passt werden können.The ever-present goal of architecture is to determine the optimal floor plan for the respective requirements. But what does "optimal" mean? Even in architecture, what is deemed to be optimal is always a "child of its time" - in other words, it can only be judged against the backdrop of the prevailing social context. An ideal floor plan would therefore necessitate both adaptability as well as the highest possible degree of flexibility. However, even today - and hardly different than in past centuries architectural concepts that permit change and variability are largely the exception. Approaching this subject objectively and without prejudice leads to questions such as: Why does a floor plan have to be rigid and unchangeable? Wouldn't it be fascinating to adapt rooms to whatever situation was at hand? To transform the interior into the outer area? To set aside areas that are not currently being used? To have the ability to increase available square footage in the event that more space is needed? However, this inevitably leads to a contradiction with the frequently encountered lofty claim that architecture is conceived and built for "posterity". For the author, the dichotomy between this claim to eternity and the need for flexibility shows up as a discrepancy that ultimately manifests itself in the non-existence of buildings which might enable the realization of the respective users` changing needs as well as offer a maximum of flexibility. Consequently, in the present thesis the author proceeds on the assumption that modern, contemporary architecture in the 3rd millennium should always be "built for the moment". Here, the author focuses on the development of spatial structures that can be spontaneously and rapidly adapted to changing conditions by and for their users, without additional construction effort
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Green is the new luxury : Multifunctional green building in Teheran
Get PDFDie Bevölkerung von Teheran leidet unter einer starken Luftverschmutzung und den Folgen des Klimawandels, die sich in stetig steigenden Temperaturen bemerkbar machen. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden Anleihen aus der historischen persischen Bauweise genommen, um in einem gemischten Wohngebäude im 22. Bezirk Teherans ein reguliertes Mikroklima zu schaffen. Der Entwurf folgt der Idee, dass jede*r Bewohner*in in Form einer großen Terrasse ausreichend Grünfläche zur Verfügung hat. Außerdem wurde versucht die naheliegende Umgebung des Chitgar Sees und des Alborz-Gebirges bestmöglich ins Wohnkonzept einzubinden. Der Entwurf zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass es kein reines Wohngebäude ist, sondern einen Einklang zwischen Wohn- und Büroflächen versucht zu schaffen. Lokale Traditionen und kulturelle Aspekte der iranischen Gesellschaft fließen in die Gestaltung ebenso mit ein wie ökonomische Erfordernisse.The people of Teheran suffer from the strong pollution of the air and the consequences of climate change, which are steadily increasing temperatures. This piece of work orientates itself around the historic Persian tradition of building, in order to create a regulated micro climate in a mixed residential building in the 22. district of Teheran. The design follows the idea that each resident has enough green spaces at his/her disposition in form of extensive terraces. Furthermore the author tried to integrate the nearby environment of the Chitgar Lake and the Alborz mountains into the concept. The design excels in that it is not a mere residential building but creates a balance between residential and office areas. Local traditions and cultural aspects of Iranian society contribute to the design as well as economical factors
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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