1,720,971 research outputs found
La colpa nella società del rischio
No full textIl presente lavoro si sofferma sull’ormai conclamata centralità della colpa nel sistema penale attuale. Le caratteristiche intrinseche della società contemporanea, infatti, hanno trasformato l’imputazione colposa da semplice comparsa a vera e propria protagonista del diritto penale moderno.
Tale metamorfosi ha coinvolto i tradizionali requisiti della colpa e i relativi criteri di giudizio, divenuti sempre più elastici di fronte alla crescente eterogeneità delle fenomenologie di rischio nonché all’oggettiva complessità dei contesti e delle attività su cui l’odierna società fonda il suo sviluppo.
La ricerca si propone di analizzare il paradigma della colpa in tutte le sue principali declinazioni, al fine di stabilire se e quando la flessibilizzazione degli schemi classici della responsabilità colposa entra in tensione con i principî fondamentali del diritto penale e, in particolare, con il principio di colpevolezza.
Lo studio, in particolare, è diviso in due parti. La prima si concentra sull’esame della dimensione sia individuale che collettiva della colpa, con l’obiettivo di rintracciare le principali distorsioni dell’imputazione colposa quando l’offesa si inserisce in contesti dominati dall’incertezza e dall’esercizio di attività complesse, plurisoggettive, multidisciplinari e multilivello. La seconda approfondisce il tema della colpa in rapporto al principio di auto-responsabilità, con riguardo ai casi in cui, durante lo svolgimento di attività rischiose socialmente utili, il comportamento imprudente della vittima incide direttamente sulla verificazione dell’evento infausto.
Il lavoro si conclude con alcune riflessioni sul peculiare rapporto che intercorre tra il concetto di rischio e il diritto penale moderno, con uno sguardo rivolto all’attuazione e all’attualità delle odierne tecniche di prevenzione del rischio basate sulla repressione penale della colpa.The thesis focuses on the centrality of negligent liability in today’s Italian criminal system. Indeed, the main features of contemporary society have transformed negligence from an outsider of mens rea to a playmaker of the whole modern Criminal Law.
This metamorphosis has involved the traditional elements of negligence and the related criteria of judgment, which have become increasingly flexible in order to adapt the assessment of liability to the growing heterogeneity of risk situations as well as to the complex context on which today’s society bases its development.
The research aims to analyze the paradigm of negligence in all its main declinations, with the purpose of determining if and when the flexibilization of the classical schemes of negligent liability conflicts with the fundamental principles of Criminal Law and, in particular, with principle of culpability.
The study, in particular, is divided into two parts. The first one focuses on examining both the individual and collective dimensions of negligence, with the aim of tracing the main distortions of negligent liability when the offence is embedded in contexts dominated by uncertainty and the exercise of complex, multi-subjective, multi-disciplinary and multi-level activities. The second one explores the issue of negligence in relation to the principle of self-responsibility, with regard to cases in which, during risky socially useful activities, the imprudent behavior of the victim directly affects the occurrence of the adverse event.
The thesis concludes with some reflections on the peculiar relationship between the concept of risk and modern Criminal Law, with a look at the relevance of today’s risk prevention techniques based on the criminal repression of negligence
Comment on: Dual therapy combining raltegravir with etravirine maintains a high level of viral suppression over 96 weeks in long-term experienced HIV-infected individuals over 45 years on a PI-based regimen: results from the Phase II ANRS 163 ETRAL study
No full textEvaluating fostemsavir as a therapeutic option for patients with HIV
No full textIntroduction: Despite the unquestionable success of antiretroviral therapy achieved in recent years, there are still cases of heavily treated patients who do not achieve or struggle to maintain undetectable HIV-RNA due to drug resistance. New antiretroviral options are needed to address this issue.Area covered: The authors first provide an overview of fostemsavir and its role in the treatment of HTE PLWH. Data from pre-clinical and clinical studies are reviewed and the pharmacokinetic and farmacodynamic properties are highlited. Drug-drug interactions and safety data from available clinical studies are also discussed.Expert opinion: Fostemsavir is a promising antiretroviral belonging to the class of entry inhibitors; its novel mechanism of action represents a very important innovation. Its use will be limited to the heavytreatment-experienced patient population. This use will have to be monitored to avoid abuse and waste of a molecule that for some patients may represent a life-saving drug
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Cause di ricovero ed outcome del paziente con infezione da HIV nei reparti di terapia intensiva
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