1,721,011 research outputs found
Comparison of ultra-high frequency US with Contrast Enhanced MR Angiography and conventional US: evaluation of carotid atheromatous plaques and bioethical decision making
No full textBackground and aim. The methods routinely used for the study of atherosclerotic plaque include conventional ultrasound (US) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), and Computed Tomography (CT), each one with its own strength and weak points. The aim of this study is to investigate diagnostic capabilities of high frequency ultrasound (HFUS) in order to provide a close and accurate inspection of atherosclerotic plaque, evaluating the characteristics that can categorize it as stable or unstable. Method. a total of 20 subjects (10 male, 10 female) were enrolled in order to assess presence/absence of carotid plaque by the use of Conventional US. All enrolled patients resulting positive for plaques presence at Color Doppler US examination underwent to Ultra High-frequency ultrasound exam, using a linear-array 48 MHz transducer, and Contrast MRI Angiography examination of the carotid arteries using a 1.5 Tesla scanner. Results. HFUS could assess specific size ranges for the plaque and the lipid core. Conventional US and CEMRA failed the measurement of FC Thickness in 75% of cases, while HFUS could assess them precisely, experiencing specific values. Conclusion. HFUS has proved to be reliable in defining the qualitative and quantitative values of plaque, highlighting, in a finer way, the characteristics of vulnerability
Bone fractures difficult to recognize in emergency: may be cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) the solution?
No full textCBCT is an imaging tool represented by an X-ray computed tomography delivering a conic-shape X-rays source. This system produces volumetric data during a single rotation of both X-ray beam and detector around the stationary patient. CBCT is able to produce three-dimensional images as for MDCT, however, accounting some advantages over it: lower radiation dose, faster volumetric dataset acquisition, higher spatial resolution and bone contrast. For these reasons, CBCT has recently been described and adopted for extremities imaging in orthopedics. Misinterpretation of fractures may determine a delayed treatment and poor outcome for patients treated in the ED. CBCT, by easily identifying occult cortical fractures and using a lower dose of radiation, is proposed as an alternative or supplement to direct radiograms, optimizing the cost-effectiveness ratio and limiting the number of unnecessary immobilizations. The first experiences document excellent performance of CBCT in emergency radiology departments, especially thanks to transverse imaging in trauma of the extremities
Council Directive 2013/59/Euratom of 5 December 2013 laying down basic safety standards for protection against the dangers arising from exposure to ionising radiation: medico-legal and legal-comparative study
No full textThis paper is a scientific contribution on basic safety standards, related to protection against hazards arising from exposure to ionizing radiation: medico-legal issues resulting from the research of the University of Campania and the study conducted by the Italian Society of Medical and Interventional Radiology are reported
Biological existence from medicalisation to biomedicalization
No full textThe process of medicalisation began around the end of the 18th century (1) due to the emergence of the bourgeoisie and its values, which included the right to be healthy and carry out one’s everyday skills, actions which in turn entailed the creation of a state’s wealth. In this period, biopolitics was established, a new form of power administration. This made use of medicine to create behaviour that was useful for social activity, shifting the focus from the administration of the law to bringing subjects back within norms through therapeutic action (2). This stemmed from the fact that the key issue in governing a population is to maintain the workforce and to establish, through health, modes of behaviour that are valuable in its preservation. Genetic engineering and new forms of biomedicine have changed the paradigm of medicalisation into biomedicalisation, marking a shift from medical control over external nature to the control and transformation of inner nature. Through this optimisation, man regains a natural mode of expression within social norms
Council Directive 2013/59/Euratom of 5 December 2013 laying down basic safety standards for protection against the dangers arising from exposure to ionising radiation: medico-legal and legal-comparative study
No full text: This paper is a scientific contribution on basic safety standards, related to protection against hazards arising from exposure to ionizing radiation: medico-legal issues resulting from the research of the University of Campania and the study conducted by the Italian Society of Medical and Interventional Radiology are reported
Biological existence from medicalisation to biomedicalization
No full text: The process of medicalisation began around the end of the 18th century due to the emergence of the bourgeoisie and its values, which included the right to be healthy and carry out one's everyday skills, actions which in turn entailed the creation of a state's wealth. In this period, biopolitics was established, a new form of power administration. This made use of medicine to create behaviour that was useful for social activity, shifting the focus from the administration of the law to bringing subjects back within norms through therapeutic action. This stemmed from the fact that the key issue in governing a population is to maintain the workforce and to establish, through health, modes of behaviour that are valuable in its preservation. Genetic engineering and new forms of biomedicine have changed the paradigm of medicalisation into biomedicalisation, marking a shift from medical control over external nature to the control and transformation of inner nature. Through this optimisation, man regains a natural mode of expression within social norms
High resolution real time ultrasonography of the sural nerve after percutaneous repair of the Achilles tendon
No full textBackground
Percutaneous Achilles tendon repair has been developed to minimise soft tissue complications following treatment of tendon ruptures. However, there are concerns because of the risk of sural nerve injury. Few studies have investigated the relationship between the Achilles tendon, the sural nerve and its several anatomical course variants.
Methods
We studied 7 cadaveric limbs (7 Achilles tendons) in which a percutaneous repair of the Achilles tendon was performed. On each tendon, high resolution real time ultrasonography examination was performed by an experienced musculoskeletal radiologist before and after the procedure, with the surgeons blind to the results of the scan both before and after surgery.
Results
In two instances, high resolution real time ultrasonography examination revealed nerve entrapment at the level of most proximal lateral suture.
Conclusions
Since the sural nerve can be easily visualised using high-frequency high resolution real time ultrasonography, intraoperative ultrasound can be of assistance during percutaneous repair of Achilles tendon rupture.
Clinical relevance
The sural nerve can be readily visualised by high-frequency high resolution real time ultrasonography probes. It could be beneficial to use high resolution real time ultrasonography intraoperatively or perioperatively to minimise the risks of sural nerve injury when undertaking percutaneous repair of Achilles tendon tears
CT findings in acute, subacute, and chronic ischemic colitis: suggestions for diagnosis.
No full textThis paper aims at evaluating CT findings of occlusive and nonocclusive ischemic colitis (IC), in correlation with the etiology and the different phases of the disease.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
CT examination and clinical history of 32 patients with proven IC were retrospectively reviewed. The CT findings were analyzed according to the different phases of the disease (acute, subacute, and chronic).
RESULTS:
Among the 32 CT examinations performed in the acute phase, 62.5% did not present signs of occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) or inferior mesenteric artery (IMA), whereas IMA occlusion was detected in 37.5% of CT examinations. In the acute phase, the presence of pericolic fluid was found in 100% of patients undergoing progressive resorption from acute to subacute phase if an effective reperfusion occurred; the bowel wall thickening was observed in 28.1% patients in acute phase and in 86.4% patients evaluated in subacute phase. The unthickened colonic wall was found in all conditions where ischemia was not followed by effective reperfusion (71.9% of cases), and it was never found in chronic phase, when the colon appeared irregularly thickened.
CONCLUSION:
CT allows determining the morphofunctional alterations associated with the IC discriminating the occlusive forms from the nonocclusive forms. CT, furthermore, allows estimating the timing of ischemic damag
Meaning of free intraperitoneal fluid in small-bowel obstruction: preliminary results using high-frequency microsonography in a rat model
No full textOBJECTIVES:
The aim of this study was to detect the onset, evolution, and meaning of extraluminal free fluid in a rat model of small-bowel obstruction using high-frequency microsonography.
METHODS:
Small-bowel obstruction was surgically created in 8 rats divided into 2 groups of 4 rats each. All rats were examined by high-frequency microsonography to monitor the evolution of small-bowel obstruction and the abdominal sonographic findings. In group 2 rats, the obstruction was resolved 2 hours after surgery.
RESULTS:
In all rats, free peritoneal fluid was detected just near the obstructed loop after 1 hour and in the hepatorenal recess after 2 hours. These features progressively increased in the following hours in group 1 rats. In group 2, the amount of free fluid decreased shortly after removing the obstruction.
CONCLUSIONS:
Free fluid is an early finding in small-bowel obstruction, and the increase or decrease of its amount is correlated with the worsening or resolution of the obstruction
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