1,721,112 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Prescribing and Proscribing: The Public-Private Relationship in the Treatment of Drug Addiction in England, 1970-99
Full text linkPeople dependent on illicit drugs have prompted a range of policy responses. In England, the medical profession has played a major role in this area since the nineteenth century, prescribing drugs such as heroin and morphine to those addicts considered unable to give up using them. In the late 1960s, amid important regulatory changes, drug dependent patients were transferred out of primary care and into new National Health Sendee ‘Clinics’ based in hospitals. This thesis starts just after these major changes and traces the relationship between doctors treating drug users within the NHS — initially inside the Clinics, and later also in general practice — and doctors prescribing privately and paid by fee. A debate about appropriate prescribing to drug users is traced from its origins within the Clinics in the 1970s to include the role of doctors working outside both privately and in the NHS in the 1980s and ’90s. Conflict emerged between these doctors and manifested itself in regulatory activities and in the general and medical media. The role of formal and informal regulation in these battles and the involvement of the media arc particular foci of the research which considers the parts played by the Home Office Drugs Inspectorate, the General Medical Council, and the production of clinical guidelines, as well as the formation of professional interest groups representing different doctors. The study used oral history materials (53 interviews were carried out with key individuals and private prescribers), archival research, published reports, the medical and general press and academic journals, as well as broadcast radio and television programmes
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Script Doctors and Vicious Addicts: Subcultures, Drugs, and Regulation under the 'British System', c.1917 to c.1960
Full text linkThis thesis focuses on drug use and control in Britain, and on the previously un-researched period between the late 1920s and the early 1960s. These decades have been described by one Home Office Official as the ‘quiet times’, since it was believed that nonmedical drug use was restricted to a few hundred respectable middle class individuals. Subcultures, inhabited by those whose lives centred on drugs, were thought not to exist. The thesis also engages with the historiography of the British System, named by US liberals to denote the medical approach to addiction in Britain in contrast to America.
The research on which this thesis is based, however, including heretofore unexamined archives of the Home Office and the Metropolitan Police, indicates otherwise. It locates what is best understood as subcultural drug use, which, despite important differences, resembled and prefigured the hedonistic drug use of the 1960s. In order to understand subcultural use, one must explore its inception in the 1930s and the surrounding regulatory architecture, consisting of both medical and police functions.
Utilising case studies, the thesis traces the interwoven development of two opiate networks, based respectively in Chelsea and London’s West End, the Home Office Drugs Branch, and the Chemist Inspection Officers and broader drugs work of the Metropolitan Police. In addition, it examines the ‘script doctors’ supplying the addict subculture, medical regulators such as the Regional Medical Officers and the General Medical Council, and the attitudes of prominent addiction specialists working on the 1938 Committee on Addiction of the Royal College of Physicians.
The thesis conceptualises drugs as symbolic categories standing in for objects of social anxiety or promise, and over which social and cultural conflicts played out. These are
illustrated though the tensions between and within the drug control machinery and the nonmedical drug users
Health policy and medical research: hepatitis B in the UK since the 1940s.
Full text linkThis thesis explores the way changing constructions of
hepatitis B have mediated between science and policy during
the past fifty years. Research-based 'facts' were filtered in
the policy arena according to social, political and economic
pressures. Central policy processes depended heavily on
expert advisers, who emerged from networks of researchers.
This account draws on scientific, clinical and epidemiological
research, central policy documents, and interviews with people
working with or suffering from the disease.
Though epidemiologically close to AIDS, hepatitis B has rarely
attracted public attention: there are an estimated 100,000
carriers in the UK, but few deaths due to the acute form. The
disease was a major problem in the blood supply, and featured
as a hospital infection, with notable outbreaks from 1965 in
renal dialysis units. It was seen as an occupational hazard
for laboratory workers, doctors, nurses and dentists.
The introduction of a test for hepatitis B around 1970 opened
up opportunities for epidemiological research. Hepatitis B
was increasingly recognized as a sexually transmitted disease,
widespread among gay men; also, because of needle sharing,
prevalent among drug users. Another outcome of research in
the 1970s was the development of a vaccine.
However, availability of a vaccine in the UK from 1982
afforded no immediate resolution of public health issues
raised by hepatitis B. The legacy of a restricted screening
policy from the 1970s, emphasizing prevention via hygiene
precautions among health care workers, facilitated a limited
vaccine policy throughout the 1980s.
While discussing negotiations over hepatitis B in the past
five decades, this thesis aims to contribute to a broader
analysis of interactions between science and policy, between
centre and regions, and between interest groups
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