607 research outputs found
Interview with Elizabeth Janeway, author
No full textAuthor of The Walsh Girls, Man's World, and Woman's Place, Elizabeth Janeway is interviewed by Milwaukee TV and radio moderator Winifred Ryhn and Claudine Shannon, assistant professor of Community Affairs at the University of Wisconsin-Extension. She explores how societal attitudes are shaped and how they have determined the traditional roles of men and women.GrayscaleSoun
« Avoir deux poids et deux mesures » mais surtout comprendre la temporalité : démence et indice de masse corporelle
No full textInternational audienceNo abstract availabl
Social and occupational determinants of cognition
No full textLe vieillissement cognitif est un processus lent et progressif influencé par de nombreux facteurs individuels mais aussi contextuels, dont les conditions de travail et les caractéristiques de l’environnement résidentiel. Cependant, l’impact de ces expositions environnementales sur la cognition reste largement sous-étudié. L'objectif principal de cette thèse est d’étudier le rôle des déterminants sociaux et professionnels dans la cognition en population générale, en France. La mise en place en 2012 de la cohorte Constances permet d'étudier cette problématique de façon transversale sur une population âgée de 45 à 70 ans (~70 000 participants), la cohorte 3C (9 294 participants) quant à elle, nous permet d’analyser sous l’angle social une population âgée de plus de 65 ans suivie depuis les années 2000. Nous avons montré dans ces deux populations différentes, un effet des caractéristiques socioéconomiques du lieu de résidence sur le niveau de performances cognitives et le risque de démence, indépendamment du niveau socioéconomique individuel et de nombreuses autres caractéristiques individuelles. Dans Constances, nous avons observé que les performances cognitives sont précocement associées à une exposition professionnelle aux produits chimiques (solvants et formaldéhyde), indépendamment des caractéristiques individuelles et des facteurs de pénibilité au travail. Ces résultats suggèrent que les environnements dans lesquels nous vivons, l'environnement socio-économique et/ou l'environnement de travail, ont un impact sur le niveau de performances cognitives et la survenue de démence, et peuvent être source d’inégalités sociales de santé dans le domaine du vieillissement cognitif.Cognitive aging is a slow and progressive process influenced by many individual and contextual factors, including working conditions and residential environment characteristics. However, the impact of these environmental exposures on cognition remains largely under-studied. The main objective of this thesis is to study the role of social and occupational determinants on cognition, in the general French population. The implementation in 2012 of the Constances cohort allows us to study this issue on a population aged 45 to 70 years (~70,000 participants) in cross-sectional, while the 3C cohort (9,294 participants) allows us to analyze from a social perspective a population aged over 65 years followed since the 2000s. We have observed in these two different populations, an effect of socio-economic characteristics living environment on cognitive performances and risk of dementia, independently of individual socio-economic level and many other individual characteristics. In Constances, we have shown that cognitive performances is early associated with occupational exposure to chemicals (solvents and formaldehyde), regardless of individual characteristics and working conditions. These results suggest that living environments, socio-economic and/or work environment, have an impact on cognitive performances level and dementia, and can be a source of social health inequalities in cognitive aging
Prevention of dementia : analysis of cognitive decline using a nonlinear model with latent process for longitudinal data.
No full textCe travail doctoral a pour premier objectif de replacer les démences dans leur contexte de santé publique en estimant des projections de nombre de cas de démences en France et en Europe jusqu'en 2050. La sensibilité de ces projections aux changements d'hypothèses sur les valeurs d'incidence ou de mortalité des sujets déments, sur le scenario démographique utilisé, et sur la mise en place d'une intervention de prévention, a également été évaluée. Dans ce contexte de forte augmentation du nombre de cas à venir, la prévention des démences, qu'elle soit primaire ou secondaire, sera amenée à tenir une place primordiale dans la prise en charge sociétale de ce problème. Pour pouvoir aboutir à des résultats, les recherches en prévention primaire et secondaire ont besoin de s'appuyer sur une méthodologie adaptée et de sélectionner des critères de jugements pertinents. Le déclin cognitif semble être un critère de jugement de choix, mais son l'utilisation doit éviter un certain nombre d'écueils et de biais. Nous avons dans un premier temps illustré l'analyse de ce critère dans le cadre d'un questionnement de prévention primaire à l'aide d'un modèle non linéaire à variable latente pour données longitudinales. Nous avons pour cela étudié la relation entre consommation chronique de benzodiazépines et déclin cognitif, et montré l'absence d'association sur un large échantillon. Dans un second temps nous avons utilisé ce type de modèle pour décrire et comparer les propriétés métrologiques d'un large ensemble de tests neuropsychologiques dans une cohorte clinique de sujets atteints de déficit cognitif modéré (MCI), et pour étudier la sensibilité de ces tests aux changements cognitifs lié aux prodromes de la maladie d'Alzheimer. Nos travaux ont ainsi permis de fournir des arguments permettant de sélectionner des tests neuropsychologiques susceptibles d'être utilisés dans le cadre de recherches de prévention secondaire pour identifier et/ou suivre les patients présentant un déficit cognitif modéré (MCI) lié à une maladie d'Alzheimer.The first aim of this doctoral work is to replace dementia in its public health context by estimating the number of dementia cases expected to occur in France and Europe over the next few decades until 2050. The sensitivity of these projections to hypotheses made on dementia incidence and mortality, demographic scenario used, and implementation of a prevention intervention, was also assessed. In this context of increasing number of future cases, the primary and secondary prevention of dementia will take a prominent place in the social management of this problem. Relevant research in the field of primary and secondary prevention requires an appropriate methodology and the use of relevant outcome. Cognitive decline seems to be an appropriate outcome, but a number of biases must be avoided. First, we illustrated the use of this criterion in the context of primary prevention using a nonlinear model with latent variable for longitudinal data to investigated the association between chronic use of benzodiazepines and cognitive decline. We showed the absence of association in a large population-based cohort. Secondly we used this model to describe and compare the metrological properties of a broad range of neuropsychological tests in a clinical cohort of patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). We also investigated the sensitivity of these tests to cognitive changes associated with prodromal Alzheimer's disease. Our work provides arguments for selecting neuropsychological tests which can be used in secondary prevention research, to identify and / or to follow patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to Alzheimer's disease
Anticipatory Testimonies: Environmental Disaster in Claudine Jacques's Fictional Prophecies
No full textIn Caledonian author Claudine Jacques's 2002 novel L'Âge du perroquet-banane, Parabole païenne , a tribal elder warns a man "from elsewhere": "in our country, if you remove a taboo bone, you disrupt the sea, if you touch it without respect you invite a cyclone, if you toss the bones of our elders you provoke a...tidal wave" (54). Although this work is set in a futuristic world after an ambiguous "Great Disaster" on an unnamed Oceanic island, the author manages to allegorically recount the history of the environmental atrocities attributed to the earth's human occupants that have transformed the present reality of the Oceanic region.
This essay considers Claudine Jacques's L'Âge du perroquet-banane, Parabole païenne , as well as her novel Nouméa Mangrove (2010), as anticipatory testimonies. Both works of fiction call into question the very real violations of environmental human rights facing the diverse ethnic communities of the sui generis collectivity of New Caledonia: nuclear testing in the Pacific Ocean, pollution from the nickel mining industry, and the depletion of natural resources. This essay demonstrates how Jacques's works engage in environmentalism by bearing witness to and challenging environmental injustices in New Caledonia in particular, and on a broader scale, in the French-speaking Oceanic region
Interview with Ellen Frankfort, women's rights activist and author
No full textEllen Frankfort, author of Vaginal Politics and health columnist for the Village Voice, is interviewed by Winifred Ryhn and Claudine Shannon. She discusses health issues and feminist politics.GrayscaleSoun
Total plasma carotenoids and mortality in the elderly: results of the Epidemiology of Vascular Ageing (EVA) study
No full textCarotenoids are pigments found in fruits and vegetables. While high intakes of fruits and vegetables have been found to be associated with lower mortality, our objective is to investigate if total plasma carotenoids, via their antioxidant properties. are associated with mortality risk in a free-living elderly population. The 'Epidemiology of Vascular Ageing' (EVA) study (n 1389 59-71 years) is a 9-year longitudinal study with six waves of follow-up. The association between baseline total plasma carotenoids and mortality was determined by Cox proportional hazards regression analyses. Low total plasma carotenoid level was significantly associated with all-cause mortality in men but not in women. After controlling for potential confounding factors, mortality risk increased significantly in men (P=0.03) with plasma carotenoids in the lowest quintile compared with men with plasma carotenoids in the highest (relative risk 2.94 (95 % CI 1.21, 7.17)). A significant association between mortality by cancer and low plasma carotenoid level variable was also found in men (unit = 1 mu mol/l; relative risk 1.72 (95 % CI 1.02, 2.86); P=0.01). Associations between total plasma carotenoids and mortality risk remained statistically significant after taking into account: (1) plasma Se level, which previously was found associated with mortality in this population and (2) thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances level considered as an indicator of oxidative stress. By showing, prospectively, in a general healthy elderly population, that total plasma carotenoid levels were independently associated with mortality risk in men, the present study suggests that total plasma carotenoid levels could be a health indicator in elderly populations
Le voyage du marchand Tan Hoe Lo à Paris (1889)
No full textClaudine Salmon
Tan Hoe Lo was a Peranakan merchant born in Batavia (about whom we know very little). He came to Paris in the company of a Dutch family (Mr. and Mrs. Zadelhof) to visit the Universal Exposition of 1889. He wrote several reportages in Malay, which were published in the local press of the Dutch Indies (both in Batavia and Surabaya). We provide here an annotated translation of his reportages, which are among some of the first of the kind to appear in Southeast Asia about Europe. They reveal an undeniable fascination for the topic of « modernity » and the author specifically lists a series of « technical advances » that needed to be transferred to Java. Tan Hoe Lo describes in detail several of the Exposition's pavilions, the Annamese theatre and rickshaws (which he took for «Siamese» ...), as well as his climb up the Eiffel Tower. In addition, he tells of his visit to Napoleon's tomb at the Invalides, as well as a trip to the Folies Bergère.Lombard-Salmon Claudine. Le voyage du marchand Tan Hoe Lo à Paris (1889). In: Archipel, volume 54, 1997. Destins croisés entre l'Insulinde et la France. pp. 177-188
Le travail de la mort
No full textIn this article, the author examines attitudes and practices concerning death and the dying, in the light of an analysis of the function of hospitals as an institution and of medical practice viewed as a process of producing death. She tries to show how death even though relegated to the hospital, remains nonetheless socialized. She also tries to pinpoint the first signs of a rebirth of the collective sensitivity to the problems of death and dying in contemporary society.Herzlich Claudine. Le travail de la mort. In: Annales. Économies, Sociétés, Civilisations. 31ᵉ année, N. 1, 1976. pp. 197-217
Professor Claudine Blanchet-Bardon: French dermatologist and leading authority on inherited ichthyoses
No full textAbstractThis article recounts the early life and professional achievements through 2016 of Professor Claudine Blanchet-Bardon, a French dermatologist who is known for her work in dermatogenetics, genetic counseling, and the care of patients with ichthyoses among other important work
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