1,720,994 research outputs found
A pilot study to assess dental age estimation in black South African children using Demirjian's method
Full text linkDissertation (MSc(Odont))--University of Pretoria, 2011.The age estimation method as described by Demirjian is the most frequently used tool to estimate the sub-adult dental age in forensic dentistry. This technique has been shown to over or under estimate the chronological age of sub-adults when applied to specific population groups. The aim of this study was to compare a black South African population sample with the original French-Canadian model to determine if Demirjian’s method accurately reflects the true chronological age of this population group. A sample of panoramic radiographs from 279 boys and 325 girls between the ages of 6 and 16 was obtained from the School of Dentistry University of Pretoria, and from orthodontists in private practice in the Pretoria region. The panoramic radiographs were used to score the seven left mandibular teeth. The calculated maturity score was used to determine the Demirjian dental age. All panoramic radiographs were scored by one examiner. A subset of 20 panoramic radiographs was scored by a second examiner and reliability tested using a Wilcoxon Matched Pairs Test. This research showed that black South African children have a more advanced dental age compared to French-Canadian children. Demirjian overestimated the age for boys by 0.8 years and for girls by 0.5 years. The dental age assessment provided by Demirjian is not suitable for black South African children. As a result, new standards of dental age assessment should be established for this population. CopyrightOral Pathology and Oral Biologyunrestricte
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Course report : The international course of dental identification of human remains from mass graves, April 21-23, 2007, Zagreb, Croatia
No full text"The International Course of Dental Identification of Human Remains from Mass Graves" took place from April 21st until April 23rd 2007. The course was organized by Croatian Association of Forensic Stomatologists (CAFS) and School of Dental Medicine University of Zagreb and was held in the amazing Museum of the Department of Forensic Medicine. About 30 participants from Sweden, Croatia and France attended the course. Although most of them were dentists, there were also some forensic pathologists, anthropologists and physicians. The meeting started on Saturday afternoon with Zagreb sight-seeing and tasting traditional Croatian foods and drinks. Sunday and Monday were working days covering all disciplines of forensic dentistry by international and local speakers: Håkan Mörnstad, Aina Teivens, Hrvoje Brkic, Davor Strinovic, Vedrana Petrovecki and Mario Šlaus. The participants were introduced with dental and non-dental methods of personal identification, organization of the identification process in mass disasters and all other procedures accompanying the work of forensic dentist. Many instructive and interesting examples of forensic work were presented including the tsunami disaster and Croatian Homeland war. There was also an opportunity to visit the DNA laboratory of the Department of Forensic Medicine and the laboratory for identification of victims of the Homeland war. Although the work of forensic dentists is mostly connected with unhappiness and sadness we had a great time, professionally and socially. Finally we want to thank everybody who participated in this course. It is always an amazing experience to meet new colleagues and new friends, but especially in a specific professional and scientific field like forensic dentistry
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
You can run, but you can’t hide - A bitemark analysis
Full text linkAll names and places have been changed to protect innocent victims in this case report. A young woman was returning home after work when she was accosted by a man wielding a knife. She was dragged into a nearby bush where the suspect attempted to rape her. She put up a substantial fight and was able to flee the scene. She went directly to the nearest police station to report the case. She was asked by the police to accompany them in the hope that she might recognise the suspect at the local taxi rank, which was near the scene of the crime. She did in fact recognise the suspect who was duly arrested. He denied any knowledge of the crime for which he was being apprehended. The victim informed the police that she had remembered biting the suspect on his right shoulder during the attack and ensuing struggle. The suspect was asked to roll up his right sleeve where a possible bitemark wound was observed. The suspect was taken into custody for further investigations. Fortunately, the police officer in charge of the case had attended a lecture on bitemarks given by the second author some weeks before the incident and was therefore well-versed in the protocol for the collection of evidence in a bitemark case. The officer arranged that photographs and impressions of the possible bitemark were taken for forensic analysis. Unfortunately, swobs of the bitemark were not conducted, therefore DNA and ABO blood group antigen analysis could not be performed. Impressions of the victim’s dentition were also taken from which plaster models were constructed. All dental materials used in this case were mixed according to the manufacturer’s instructions and were within their expiry dates. This evidence was submitted to the forensic odontology unit at the University of Pretoria for examination and comparative analysi
Mobile Images in the visualisation of characteristic dental features
Full text linkDissertation (MSc (Odontology))--University of Pretoria, 2022.Identification in forensic odontology requires that a known characteristic of an individual’s dentition be compared with the same characteristic of the unknown decedent. A vast number of bodies remain unidentified at medico-legal laboratory facilities in South Africa (SA). Determining the extent of this occurrence in SA is important, as these unidentified bodies have many social and economic consequences. When a positive identification has been established, investigations into the circumstances surrounding the death can begin. The positive identification of a body allows for closure to be obtained by that individual’s family and friends.
In SA a number of factors render forensic identification of unknown individuals challenging. Many South Africans do not have access to modern dentistry, and consequently do not have ante-mortem dental records. In low socioeconomic areas of SA, where individuals might not have access to oral healthcare, studies show that 1 in 3 of those individuals has access to a smart phone. This study aimed at investigating mobile images, hereafter referred to as selfies, as a source of dental information in the form of characteristic dental features. Results of this study were disappointing as identifiable dental features could only be seen in 61 (5.6%) of the collected images (N=1098). The low number of useable selfies collected in this study could be the result of a lack of smiles and the poor quality of the images received. Individuals with poor dental aesthetics would commonly choose to take a selfie with a closed mouth where their teeth would not be visible. The most commonly identified dental features included: diastemas (49.2%), dental jewellery (37.7%), crowding (16.4%), difference in tooth height (16.4%) discoloured (8.2%) and missing teeth (8.2%). The importance of good oral health and an aesthetic smile cannot be over emphasised. Awareness of the importance of selfies in forensic identification should be increased.OdontologyMSc (Odontology)Unrestricte
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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