1,720,994 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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V1/V2 domain scaffolds to improve the magnitude and quality of protective antibody responses to HIV-1
Get PDFTwo lines of investigation have highlighted the importance of antibodies to the V1/V2 domain of gp120 in providing protection from HIV-1 infection. First, the recent RV144 HIV-1 vaccine trial documented a correlation between non-neutralizing antibodies to the V2 domain and protection. Second, multiple broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies to the V1/V2 domain (e.g. PG9) have been isolated from rare infected individuals, termed elite neutralizers. Interestingly, the binding of both types of antibodies appears to depend on the same cluster of amino acids (positions 167-171) adjacent to the junction of the B and C strands of the four-stranded V1/V2 domain Beta-sheet structure. However, the broadly neutralizing mAb, PG9, additionally depends on mannose-5 glycans at positions 156 and 160 for binding. Because the gp120 vaccine immunogens used in previous HIV-1 vaccine trials were enriched for complex sialic acid-containing glycans, and lacked the high mannose structures required for the binding of PG9-like mAbs, we wondered if these immunogens could be improved by limiting glycosylation to mannose-5 glycans. Here, we describe the PG9 binding activity of monomeric gp120s from multiple strains of HIV-1 produced with mannose-5 glycans. We also describe the properties of glycopeptide scaffolds from the V1/V2 domain also expressed with mannose-5 glycans. The V1/V2 scaffold from the A244 isolate was able to bind the PG9, CH01, and CH03 mAbs with high affinity provided that the proper glycans were present. We further show that immunization with A244 V1/V2 fragments alone, or in a prime/boost regimen with gp120, enhanced the antibody response to sequences in the V1/V2 domain associated with protection in the RV144 trial
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Engineering CHO Cells to Improve the Quality and Immunogenicity of HIV Envelope Glycoprotein Subunit Vaccines
Get PDFA major focus of HIV vaccine development has been improving the envelope glycoprotein 120 (gp120) derived immunogens used in the RV144 HIV vaccine trial. RV144 has been the only human clinical trial to demonstrate modest but significant protection in humans. Over the last 30 years it has been difficult to manufacture Clade B immunogens, such as MN-rgp120 used in the RV144 trial. Clade B immunogens are representative of viruses from North America, Europe and Australia and become proteolyzed when expressed in Chinese Hamster Ovary cells. In this report, we identified complement component 1s (C1s) as the protease responsible for cleavage in the third variable region (V3) at a site recognized by neutralizing antibodies. To solve this problem, we used CRISPR/Cas9 to inactivate the C1s-gene of several CHO cell lines including the standard CHOS, CHOK1 cell lines and the glycan restricted MGAT1- CHO cell line. These novel cell lines provide the means to produce Clade B immunogens as well as other recombinant proteins without proteolysis. Proteolysis of recombinant proteins is a common problem in the biopharmaceutical industry. Another medically significant protein that also becomes proteolyzed during expression in CHO cells is human Factor VIII (FVIII). Biochemical analysis was carried out to see if unintended cleavage of FVIII could also be attributed to C1s. Differences between the substrate specificity of human thrombin and CHO C1s were elucidated using mutagenesis and homology modeling and showed that FVIII proteolysis was due to another protease. In other studies, we were interested in enhancing the immunogenicity of epitopes in the second variable region (V2) of A244 gp120 that correlated with protection in the RV144 clinical trial. This was accomplished through the characterization of 10C10, a mouse monoclonal antibody elicited by immunization with A244-gp120. 10C10 was shown to have cross-reactivity to clade AE, B and C gp120s and bind to a V2 peptide through protein- and peptide-binding studies. In the RV144 trial, non-neutralizing antibodies to the V2 region were found to be a correlate of protection. Similar to the CH58-like antibodies that have been identified, 10C10 was found to be non-neutralizing and bind to a V2 peptide that assumed an alpha-helical conformation as determined by computational modeling. Preventing proteolysis and targeting antibodies to the 10C10 site will help guide the development of the next generation of vaccine candidates to achieve the goal of making a viable HIV vaccine
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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