1,720,986 research outputs found
Guided by a utopia: Towards the creation of shared guidelines for the academic teaching of psychological assessment methods and tools,Guidati da un?utopia: Verso la creazione di linee guida condivise per l?insegnamento di metodi e strumenti di assessment psicologico
No full textProposta di un nuovo strumento per la valutazione dlela memoria autobiografica nell'arco di vita
No full textA meta-analysis of functional neuroimaging studies on developmental dyslexia across European orthographies: the ADOD model
Full text linkAccording to the “classic” and the “new” model, developmental dyslexia (DD) is associated with dysfunctions of the left temporoparietal (TP), ventral occipitotemporal (vOT) and frontal brain circuits. However, these models make different anatomo-functional predictions about the effects of age and orthographic depth on the neural correlates of DD. To test the influence of age and orthographic depth and their interaction on the neurobiology of reading we meta-analyzed 34 fMRI studies by combining the CluB and the GingerALE methods. Our meta-analytic results challenged both models and allowed us to generate a refined neurocognitive framework called the “Anatomo-functional, Developmental, and Orthographic Depth (ADOD) model of DD”. The ADOD model describes the interacting effects of age and orthography on the neurobiology of DD and suggests brand new conceptions on the role of the left TP cortex in reading together with a subtler parcellation of the vOT areas according to a rostro-caudal gradient
Suggestionabilità interrogativa: il ruolo del contesto forense e dello stress post traumatico in bambini e adolescenti testimoni di presunta violenza sessuale
No full textI minori chiamati a testimoniare possono essere esposti a fattori di suggestionabilità sociale legati alla pressione del contesto forense e al tipo di domande poste loro. Nel presente studio si vogliono indagare gli effetti immediati e differiti della suggestionabilità interrogativa sui testimoni vittime di presunto abuso sessuale. Le variabili indagate sono l’appartenenza al contesto forense e l’eventuale presenza dello stress post traumatico che possono determinare un aumento dei livelli di suggestionabilità misurata con la scala GSS2 (Gudjonsson, 1997). Le prestazioni di un gruppo di 100 minori testimoni, 58 con stress post traumatico e 42 senza stress post traumatico, sono state messe a confronto con un gruppo di controllo di pari età composto da 100 partecipanti. I risultati mostrano che i minori con stress post traumatico inseriti in un contesto forense sono più suggestionabili. I risultati sono discussi alla luce dei principali modelli teorici presenti in letteratura
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Nouns and verbs in the brain: Grammatical class and task specific effects as revealed by fMRI
No full textThe wide variety of techniques and tasks used to study the neural correlates of noun and verb processing has resulted in a body of inconsistent evidence. We performed a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiment to detect grammatical class effects that generalize across tasks. A total of 12 participants undertook a grammatical-class switching task (GCST), in which they were presented with a noun (or a verb) and were asked to retrieve the corresponding verb (or noun), and a classical picture naming task (PNT) widely used in the previous aphasiological and imaging literature. The GCST was explicitly
designed to ensure control over confounding variables, such as stimulus complexity or imageability. Conjunction analyses of the haemodynamic responses measured in the two tasks indicated a shared verb-related activation of a dorsal premotor and posterior parietal network, pointing to a strong relationship between verb representation and action-oriented (visuo-)spatial knowledge. On the other hand, no brain area was consistently associated with nouns in both tasks. Moreover, there were task-dependent
differences between noun and verb retrieval both at behavioural and at physiological level; the grammatical class that elicited the longest reaction times in both tasks (i.e., verbs in the PNT and nouns in the
GCST) triggered a greater activation of the left inferior frontal gyrus. Therefore, we suggest that this area reflects a general increase in task demand rather than verb processing per se
A place for nouns and a place for verbs? A critical review of neurocognitive data on grammatical-class effects
No full textIt is generally held that noun processing is specifically sub‑served by temporal areas, while the neural underpinnings of verb processing are located in the frontal lobe. However, this view is now challenged by a significant body of evidence accumulated over the years. Moreover, the results obtained so far on the neural implementation of noun and verb processing appear to be quite inconsistent. The present review briefly describes and critically re‑considers the anatomo‑correlative, neuroimaging, MEG, TMS and cortical stimulation studies on nouns and verbs with the aim of assessing the consistency of their results, particularly within technique. The paper also addresses the question as to whether the inconsistency of the data could be due to the variety of the tasks used. However, it emerged that neither the different investigation techniques used nor the different cognitive tasks employed fully explain the variability of the data. In the final section we thus suggest that the main reason for the emergence of inconsistent data in this field is that the cerebral circuits underlying noun and verb processing are not spatially segregated, at least for the spatial resolution currently used in most neuroimaging studies. © 2010 Elsevier Inc
Brain areas underlying retrieval of nouns and verbs: Grammatical class and task demand effects
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