1,720,983 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Bleaching, upper thermal limits and temperature adaptation in reef corals
Get PDFThe broad-scale ecology of coral bleaching and coral upper thermal limits were investigated to improve the basis for risk assessment and prediction of possible climate change effects on the Great Barrier Reef (GBR). Evidence from the spatial distribution of bleaching on the GBR in 1998, and a temporal study of physical variables at two reefs over a 10 — 12 year period, indicates that temperature is the single most important factor leading to coral bleaching. A novel empirical approach was developed to quantify the bleaching thresholds of reefs in terms of the magnitude and duration of thermal stress. Results from this study provide the first comprehensive synthesis of exposure times and temperatures involved in coral thermal stress, allowing more accurate predictions of the time-temperature thresholds that are likely to lead to bleaching for a variety of reefs throughout the GBR. Bleaching threshold curves indicate that both latitudinal and cross-shelf trends exist in the bleaching thresholds of reefs. These trends correlate with local temperature regimes and suggest that thermal adaptation has taken place over local and regional scales (10's — 1000's km). These bleaching curves provide the basis for the development of an early warning system for coral bleaching using near real-time automatic weather stations.
Experimental studies involving temperature manipulation show that three species of corals (Pocillopora damicornis, Acropora elseyi and A. formosa) from Orpheus Island on the inshore central GBR have sharply defined temperature tolerances and, like corals in other reef provinces, live precariously close to their upper thermal limits during most summers. Winter upper thermal limits of P. damicornis were 1°C lower than summer limits, raising the possibility that corals may be capable of short-term thermal acclimation. However, a short-term (10-day) acclimation study of two coral species (P. damicornis and Porites cylindrica) indicated that their thermal tolerance limits could not be extended beyond existing summer limits. Although these results indicate that the potential for development of short-term phenotypic tolerance to increasing temperatures may be limited, they do not preclude the possibility that acclimation may take place over longer time periods.
Experimental studies also indicate that the breakdown of symbiosis between corals and zooxanthellae initiated by thermal stress continues for up to six weeks after removal of stress. Heat stress has a longer-term effect on coral health than can be accounted for by existing bleaching models, suggesting that an additional mechanism or process may be involved in coral bleaching. The delay in onset, or full development, of bleaching symptoms also has implications for the timing of bleaching surveys, namely, that to capture the full extent of bleaching, surveys need to be carried out 4-6 weeks after a stress event.
An aerial survey method was employed and evaluated to document the spatial extent and intensity of bleaching on the GBR during the severe 1998 event. This method provided a spatially comprehensive, cost-effective and conservative estimate of bleaching over large areas (>2000km). An equivalent overview of bleaching could not have been obtained from visitor-based reports or small-scale in-situ surveys. The aerial survey results, together with historical reports of bleaching covering six separate events since 1980, were used to detect spatial patterns in bleaching on the GBR. These results indicate that inshore reefs are more prone to bleaching than offshore reefs. Coupled with higher rates of temperature warming on the southern GBR compared to the northern GBR over the 20th century, inshore southern reefs may be at greater risk of climate change-related changes in sea temperature than other areas on the GBR
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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