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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Could Celiac Disease and Overweight/Obesity Coexist in School-Aged Children and Adolescents? A Systematic Review
No full text: Background: Celiac disease (CD) is a multifactorial, immune-mediated enteropathic disorder that may occur at any age with heterogeneous clinical presentation. In the last years, unusual manifestations have become very frequent, and currently, it is not so uncommon to diagnose CD in subjects with overweight or obesity, especially in adults; however, little is known in the pediatric population. This systematic review aims to evaluate the literature regarding the association between CD and overweight/obesity in school-age children. Methods: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed. An electronic database search of articles published in the last 20 years in English was carried out in Web of Sciences, PubMed, and Medline. The quality of the included studies was assessed by using the STrengthening the Reporting of OBservational studies in Epidemiology statement. Results: Of the 1396 articles identified, 9 articles, investigating overweight/obesity in children/adolescents affected by CD or screening CD in children/adolescents with overweight/obesity, met the inclusion criteria. Overall, the results showed that the prevalence of overweight or obesity in school-age children (6-17 years) affected by CD ranged between 3.5% and 20%, highlighting that the coexistence of CD with overweight/obesity in children is not uncommon as previously thought. Conclusion: Although CD has been historically correlated with being underweight due to malabsorption, it should be evaluated also in children with overweight and obesity, especially those who have a familiar predisposition to other autoimmune diseases and/or manifest unusual symptoms of CD
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Tertiary Lymphoid Tissue in Colorectal Cancer: A Key Player in the Tumour Immune Microenvironment
Get PDFTumour infiltrating lymphocytes influence colorectal cancer (CRC) progression. However, lymphocyte infiltration comes in different flavours and evidence has been provided that the spatial distribution of immune cells within the tumour tissue is an important immunological feature. The aim of this thesis was to investigate how the dual localization of tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) can affect their function in the tumour microenvironment. The project started with the analysis of the CD3 compartment, as CD3+ T cell infiltration (CD3-TILs) is a recognized positive prognostic factor for CRC patients. Results here presented show that CD3+ tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes are present both interspersed in the tumour tissue or scattered throughout the stroma (CD3-TILs) and also aggregated in lymphoid structures showing features of tertiary lymphoid tissue (CD3-TLT). Tumour-associated TLT had a peculiar compartmentalization, with CD3+ T cells and CD20+ B lymphocytes holding complementary positions and with distinct types of dendritic cell populations among them. The presence of HEVs (High Endothelial Venules) suggests a role for TLT in T cell recruitment at the tumour site. To test this hypothesis in human cancer, I performed a whole tissue analysis of the CD3+ infiltrate on CRC sections and found a positive correlation between CD3-TIL and CD3-TLT densities. I further confirmed the hypothesis in vivo in a murine model of colitis-associated cancer (AOM/DSS). AOM/DSS treated mice had expanded TLT compared to control mice. Intravenously injected GFP+ splenocytes localised in TLT of tumour-bearing mice more than in control mice. I then investigated the clinical significance of CD3-TLT in relationship with CD3-TILs in a cohort of 351 CRC patients. In patients with node-negative (without lymph node metastasis, stage II) CRC, a high density of CD3-TLT and CD3-TILs associated to a better prognosis, while in patients with node-positive (presence of lymph node metastasis, stage III) CRC, TLT and TIL density were irrelevant in predicting patient prognosis, thus behaving as biomarkers only for early stage CRC patients.
In the second part of my thesis, I analysed the distribution of B cells in colorectal cancer and their possible contribution to disease progression. Despite still controversial, increasing evidence that B cells play a role in cancer progression has been provided, bringing up the hypothesis that also B-cell responses should be considered as targets of immunotherapeutic approaches. Similarly to CD3+ cells, I showed that, both in human and in preclinical models of CRC, B cells display a dual geographical distribution, either within tertiary lymphoid tissue (CD20-TLT) or dispersed at the tumour invasive margin (CD20-TILs). Therefore, I evaluated the role of B cells according to their localization in the microenvironment. I found that CD20-TLT associated to better prognosis, while CD20-TILs did not. Interestingly, CD20-TLT correlated with CD20-TILs only among patients who experienced cancer recurrence. This result suggests that, when located within a lymphoid site, B cells might have a protective anti-tumour function, participating in an antitumour immune response. Conversely, the distribution of B cells scattered in the microenvironment is likely to reflect a non-specific pro-tumour inflammatory reaction. To confirm the hypothesis in vivo and attempt to dissect the dual function of B cells, I took advantage of two CRC preclinical models in which B cells present a distinct geographical distribution in the tumour microenvironment. In the first model, B cells mainly localise within TLT, while in the second one B cells diffusely infiltrate the mucosa, without forming aggregates. I found that in a model in which B cells localize primarily within TLT, the genetic deficiency of B cells significantly increased tumour formation, suggesting that B cells within TLT might exert an important anti-tumour function. In contrast, in a model in which B cells only localize within the tissue, genetic deficiency of B cells reduces tumour growth, suggesting that infiltrating B-TILs might have a pro-tumour role.
Therefore, the occurrence of TLT is associated with lymphocyte infiltration in CRC, contributing to recruitment of CD3-TILs. TLT and TILs work together to set up an anti-tumour immune response in patients with low-risk early-stage colorectal cancer. Thus, TLT represents a novel prognostic biomarker for CRC. As to the B cell compartment, their differential distribution in the tumour site corresponds to distinct prognostic functions. This evidence suggests that the design of novel immunotherapeutic drugs depleting B cells should take into account their ability to selectively targeting CD20-TILs but not C20-TLT
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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