1,720,972 research outputs found
OSA Processing in Early L2 Acquirers
No full text- Self-paced reading data
- C-test data
- Background data (LEAP-Q
OSA Processing in Early L2 Acquirers
No full text- Self-paced reading data
- C-test data
- Background data (LEAP-Q
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Syntactic processing in English–Afrikaans bilinguals
Full text linkThesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2020.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: A fundamental question in the study of human language is why, compared to the acquisition of a first language (L1), second language (L2) acquisition should have such widely varying outcomes. Relatedly, there is a question regarding the upper limits on L2 acquisition, namely whether it is possible for learners who have not acquired a language from birth to perform identically to native speakers of that language.
Experimental psycholinguistic techniques offer insight into the moment-by-moment processes involved in language comprehension and production, and in recent years have increasingly been employed to investigate L2 and bilingual processing, both in their own right and in relation to L1 processing. In this dissertation, such techniques are employed to investigate L2 English syntactic processing among early L2 acquirers (L1 Afrikaans) who receive extensive naturalistic exposure to the L2 and have attained high proficiency therein. Second language populations with this combination of features, each of which has been shown to affect processing outcomes, are understudied in the literature, as are highly linguistically diverse settings such as South Africa. There is thus little information available regarding the consequences of this particular constellation of individual- and environmental-level characteristics on ultimate levels of L2 attainment.
The studies presented in the dissertation focus on three syntactic phenomena that have been shown to be processed in a non-nativelike fashion by L2 speakers. These are temporarily ambiguous or so-called garden-path sentences, pronouns, and long-distance wh-dependencies. The techniques of self-paced reading and eye-tracking-while-reading were utilized to obtain real-time processing data. These data were supplemented by measures of L2 proficiency and language background. First-language speakers of South African English were employed as a comparison group.
The findings show L1–L2 convergence for a subset of the L2 participants – those with a relatively earlier age of L2 acquisition – in the garden-path sentence processing experiment. In the pronoun resolution experiment, evidence of cross-linguistic influence at the verb level is observed, which subsequently affects processing at the sentence level. Finally, in the processing of long-distance wh-dependencies, the strategies employed by the L1 and L2 speakers differ, with awareness of an abstract syntactic cue being evident in the L1 but not the L2 speakers.
The results provide insight into the implications of the South African language acquisition and use contexts for L2 development. A more general consideration of these implications as they relate to other multilingual settings contributes to our knowledge of L2 attainment in linguistically heterogeneous environments.AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: 'n Fundamentele vraag in die bestudering van menslike taal is waarom die verwerwing van 'n tweede taal (T2), in vergeleke met die verwerwing van 'n eerste taal (T1), sulke wyd uiteenlopende uitkomste het. Daar is ook 'n verwante vraag rakende die boonste perke van T2-verwerwing, naamlik of dit moontlik is vir leerders om identies met moedertaalsprekers te presteer as hulle nie die taal vanaf geboorte verwerf het nie.
Eksperimentele psigolinguistiese tegnieke bied insig in die oomblik-tot-oomblik prosesse wat by taalbegrip en -produksie betrokke is, en sulke tegnieke word toenemend gebruik om T2- en tweetalige verwerking, sowel in eie reg as in verband met T1-verwerking, te ondersoek. In hierdie proefskrif word sulke tegnieke gebruik om T2 Engelse sintaktiese verwerking onder vroeë T2-verwerwers (T1 Afrikaans) wat uitgebreide naturalistiese blootstelling aan die T2 het en wat 'n hoë vaardigheid in die T2 behaal het te ondersoek. In die bestaande literatuur is T2 populasies met hierdie kombinasie van eienskappe, wat individueel bewese invloed op verwerkingsuitkomste het, onderbestudeer. Verder is uiters linguisties-diverse omgewings soos Suid-Afrika ook onderbestudeer. Daar is dus min inligting rakende die gevolge van hierdie spesifieke konfigurasie van individuele- en omgewingseienskappe op uiteindelike vlakke van T2-bereiking.
Die studies wat in die proefskrif voorgelê word, fokus op drie sintaktiese verskynsels wat gedemonstreer is om deur T2 sprekers op 'n nie-moedertaalagtige wyse verwerk te word. Hierdie verskynsels sluit in: tydelik-dubbelsinnige of sogenaamde “garden-path”-sinne, voornaamwoorde en langafstand wh-afhanklikhede. Die tegnieke van eie-tempo lees en oognaspeuring-tydens-lees is gebruik om reële-tyd verwerkingsdata te bekom. Hierdie data is aangevul deur maatstawwe van T2-vaardigheid en taalagtergrond. Eerstetaalsprekers van Suid-Afrikaanse Engels is as kontrole groep gebruik.
In die eksperiment oor die verwerking van tydelik-dubbelsinnige sinne, is daar bevind dat van die T2-deelnemers – diegene met 'n betreklik vroeëre ouderdom van T2-aanleer – T1–T2 konvergensie vertoon. In die voornaamwoord-resolusie eksperiment is bewyse van kruis-linguistiese invloed op die werkwoordvlak, wat verdere verwerking op sinsvlak beïnvloed, waargeneem. Laastens verskil die strategieë wat deur die T1- en T2-sprekers aangewend word in die verwerking van langafstand wh-afhanklikhede, met T1-sprekers wat, anders as T2-sprekers, bewus is van 'n abstrakte sintaktiese leidraad.
Die resultate bied insig in die implikasies van die Suid-Afrikaanse taalverwerwing- en gebruikskontekste vir T2-ontwikkeling. 'n Algemene oorweging van hierdie implikasies, soos hulle verband hou met ander meertalige instellings, dra by tot ons kennis van T2-bereiking in linguisties heterogene omgewings.Doctora
- …
